Problems of farmers in present day of Life Essay

We consider cultivates continually being there. Food will consistently be developed. Our field will be loaded with cows and yields simply like it generally has been. The truth of the matter is this may not be valid. Ranchers are confronted with the developing expenses to run their homesteads. These expenses incorporate assessments, protection, and standard ranch costs. At the point when we visited a ranch, the rancher said this was one of his primary concerns†¦. also, not the climate conditions like we thought. Ranchers are being offered enormous cash to sell their homesteads. Organizations that are constructing heaps of houses and townhouses purchase up ranch land with the goal that city individuals can move into the nation. They separate the homestead land into littler parcels. In the image on the right, you will see a case of how lodging improvements are progressively assuming control over significant homestead land. With more individuals voyaging and moving into the nation, more streets should be manufactured. Streets take up land, as well. Commonly the land is farmland. Along these lines, the rancher is offered loads of cash to sell their property. The high expenses and homestead costs make this look great to ranchers. Another large danger is streets that circumvent urban communities. These are called circles or sidesteps. These utilization up ranch land, stops, and green spaces edging our urban areas. This has had an awful reputation in the course of recent years, albeit numerous civic chairmen and individuals from Congress presently need to manufacture more. As a country, we should stop mammoth parkways and advance new transportation that helps the economy and the earth. We talked with previous Congressman and previous leader of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority Neil Gallagher who stated, â€Å"New Jersey used to make terrible scents that would spread over the territory from a significant pig ranch in Secaucus. An arrangement at that point was made by Governor Al Driscoll to run an expressway through New York State to the intersection of the Delaware River to take out the traffic on Highway Number 1. So as to fabricate these roadways, all the streets needed to associate and go through Secaucus which must be the center of the thruway. So as to do this, the administration needed to purchase all the pig cultivates in Secaucus.† Mr. Gallagher recollects that few laws were passed: Another association was shaped called the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Production of an association that would purchase the homesteads at a reasonable cost. Permitting the interstate to offer securities to fund-raise to purchase the land andâ build the street. The bonds would be paid for by the tolls that were gathered on the freeway. [Two thirds of the cash originated from out-of-state drivers.] The aftereffect of the New Jersey Turnpike Authority shutting down the homesteads was that we lost the ranch land, and the new utilization of that land brought about the best financial blast that the territory of New Jersey had ever observed. The street itself made every single new position all through the state and in Secaucus itself. Let’s utilize the New Jersey Meadowlands sports unpredictable for instance. This land turned into probably the most important land in the metropolitan territory when the Meadowlands [including Giant Stadium, the race track, and Continental Arena] was manufactured where pig ranches used to be. Mr. Gallagher feels that, â€Å"Sometimes the cost of progress is finding a superior utilization of land that benefits more individuals to the detriment of an increasingly provincial and calm lifestyle. The danger to cultivating must be raised for the individuals of the state. This is one model, yet an equalization must be set from nature and a developing society.† Many individuals would concur with Mr. Gallagher’s proclamations and numerous others would not. Regardless of where you remain on the loss of important farmland to advancement, you have to consistently be worried about the eventual fate of our cultivating networks.

Hastings Banda, Life President of Malawi

Hastings Banda, Life President of Malawi Proceeded from: Hastings Banda: the Early Years After an extra-normal however out and out unassuming life as an ex-loyalist dark African specialist in Britain during the provincial time, Hastings Banda before long turned into a despot once in power in Malawi. His inconsistencies were many, and he left individuals considering how the specialist had become Hastings Banda, Life President of Malawi. Radical: Opposing Federation and Supporting Apartheid Indeed, even while abroad, Hastings Banda was being brought into patriot legislative issues in Nyasaland. The tipping piont appears to have been the choice by the British frontier government to get Nyasaland together with Northern and Southern Rhodesia to frame the Central African Federation. Banda was passionately against organization, and a few times, patriot pioneers in Malawi requested that he get back to lead the battle. For reasons that are not totally clear, Banda stayed in Ghana until 1958, when he at long last came back to Nyasaland and dedicated himself completely to legislative issues. By 1959, he had been imprisoned for 13 months for his restriction to alliance, which he saw as a gadget for guaranteeing that Southern Rhodesia †which was represented by a white minority †held power over the dominant part dark populaces of Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland.â In Africa Today, Banda proclaimed that if resistance made him a â€Å"extremist†, he was glad to be one. â€Å"Nowhere in history,’ he stated, â€Å"did the supposed Moderates achieve anything.†Ã¢ However, regardless of his position against the persecution of Malawis populace, as a pioneer Banda had too barely any hesitations, numerous individuals thought, about the mistreatment of South Africas dark populace. As President of Malawi, Banda worked intimately with the Apartheid South African government and didn't take a stand in opposition to the extreme isolation toward the south of Malawis outskirts. This juxtaposition between his self-broadcasted fanaticism and theâ real politiqueâ of his global guideline was only one of the numerous logical inconsistencies that confounded and stupefied individuals about President Hastings Banda. Executive, President, Life President, Exile As the hotly anticipated pioneer of the patriot development, Banda was an undeniable decision for Prime Minister as Nyasaland advanced toward autonomy, and it was he who changed the name of the nation to Malawi. (Some state he preferred the sound of Malawi, which he found on a pre-provincial map.)â It was soon clear how Banda proposed to run the show. In 1964, when his bureau attempted to restrain his forces, he had four of the clergymen excused. Others surrendered and a few fled the nation and lived estranged abroad for the remainder of their lives or his rule, which at any point finished first.  In 1966, Banda directed the composition of another constitution and ran unopposed for political decision as Malawis first president. From that point forward, Banda governed as an absolutist. The state was him, and he was the state. In 1971, the parliament named in President forever. As President, Banda upheld his inflexible feeling of profound quality on the individuals of Malawi. His standard got known for mistreatment, and individuals dreaded his paramilitary Malawi Young Pioneers gathering.  He provided the generally agrarian populace with manure and different sponsorships, yet the administration additionally controlled costs, thus few however the world class profited by surplus harvests. Banda had confidence in himself and his kin, however. At the point when he ran in a challenged, vote based political decision in 1994, he was stunned to be completely vanquished. He left Malawi, and passed on three years after the fact in South Africa. A Fraud or a Puritan? The juxtaposition of Bandas disposition as the tranquil specialist in Britain and his later years as a tyrant, joined with his failure to communicate in his local language enlivened various fear inspired notions. Many idea he was not even from Malawi, and some asserted that the genuine Hastings Banda had kicked the bucket while abroad, and been supplanted by a painstakingly picked faker.  There is something blazing about most strict individuals however. The equivalent inward drive that drives them to repudiate and reprimand such normal goes about as kissing (Banda prohibited open kissing in Malawi and even reproached films he thought had a lot of kissing) and it is in this string of Bandas character that an association can be drawn between the calm, kind specialist and the oppressive Big Man he became.  Sources: Banda, Hastings K. â€Å"Return to Nyasaland,† Africa Today 7.4 (1960): 9. Dowden, Richard. â€Å"Obituary: Dr. Hastings Banda,† Independent 26 November 1997.  â€Å"Hastings Banda,† Economist, November 27, 1997. Kamkwamba, William and Bryan Mealer, The Boy who Harnessed the Wind. New York: Harper Collins, 2009.   ‘Kanyarwunga’, â€Å"Malawi; The Incredible True Story of Dr. Hastings Kamuzu Banda,† History of Africa Otherwise blog, November 7, 2011.

How a Productivity Consultant Uses MindMeister with Clients

How a Productivity Consultant Uses MindMeister with Clients This is the first in our new series of sharing remarkable MindMeister stories  and features Helen Crozier, Productivity Consultant based in Sydney, Australia. Got an interesting MindMeister usage story we should know about? Let us know! Helen Crozier is an independent Productivity and Technology consultant based in Sydney, Australia. Building on over 10 years of independent coaching experience, Helen works with clients from a wide variety of industries, tailoring her recommendations to each individual situation. One of Helen’s “go-to” tools to help these individuals organize and prioritize is MindMeister. Without a solid way to visualize and organize their lives, Helen is most often confronted with individuals that are simply overwhelmed. With project A due next week, project B three weeks from now, next year’s budget submitted for approval by the end of the quarter, keeping up with social and business networking connections, and a growing inbox, Helen has seen more than a few project deadlines fall by the wayside, ultimately resulting in an even larger to-do list, less productivity, and opportunities lost. Helen’s first task with her clients is to obtain a general overview of where they stand. The first step in this process is to put it all into a mind map. Once a general “brain dump” has been completed, Helen and her client then begin breaking items down into top-level nodes. They then continue this process until each item is properly categorized. With a bird’s eye view of their life, clients are quick to point out imbalances in particular projects and plans. Together, they use this mind map as a strategy map and begin the process of increasing productivity. Once I show MindMeister to my clients, 9 times out of 10 the first thing they say is, Wow! I could use that! I could use that with my clients!' From Helen’s side, using MindMeister helps her to zero in on exactly what her clients need and what they don’t. If a client has a heavy focus on “I’m falling behind in my email communications,” she knows immediately which areas of her technology toolkit to draw from. Tapping into MindMeister’s sharing and task management tools, both Helen and her clients are able to stay on track and achieve their goals. Clients use the task management features to plan and organize their day/week/month. Helen uses the task management feature to make sure that her clients are in fact using the system, and getting things done. Prior to using MindMeister Helen had, “no solution that could do this for me.” By using MindMeister’s collaboration features, she’s able to work simultaneously with her clients even when not physically in the same space. Likewise, through using the MindMeister task system, both Helen and her clients can remain in sync and on track. Since using MindMeister, Helen reports that she’s been able to do more in less time, ultimately resulting in being able to take on more clients simultaneously and increasing her billable hours by 50%. Sydney, Australia Business Productivity Consultant Helen Crozier can be found at businessproductivitygenius.com or on Twitter @helencrozier Improve your productivity with mind mapping

The Effects Of Drug Addiction On The Body Essay - 1987 Words

Humans have been recorded using drugs for over 9000 years. During this time, drugs have been used as home remedies for maladies and religious ceremonies, in addition to recreational drug use (Guerra-Doce, 2014). When opioids, hallucinogens, stimulants, inhalants, cannabinoids, depressants, or anabolic steroids appear in recorded history, abuse of these drugs also appear. Writings on ancient Egyptian scrolls show rehabilitation records. Sumerians have writings about opium, using a word that translates to joy (druglibrary.org). It is common knowledge that drugs impair movements, brain activity, and are detrimental to the health of human brains, nerves, and other bodily organs. Addiction to these psychotropic drugs negatively affects human fitness in general. Keeping all of this in mind, what compels humans to engage in a behavior that has such harmful effects on the body? Is there any evolutionary benefit of drug addiction? Why has the predisposition in humans to drug addiction not bee n selected against? Because drug abuse affects individuals of all backgrounds, many studies have documented why individuals choose to use certain drugs and the factors that lead to higher prevalence of substance abuse. These factors are help us understand the reasoning behind why humans have coevolved with drug use and abuse over the millennia, but do not quite fully capture why the traits that lead to addiction have achieved a sufficiently high enough fitness level to find prosperity fromShow MoreRelatedIllegal Drug Addiction : Effects On The Body1538 Words   |  7 PagesIllegal Drug Addiction the effects on the body How do people become addicted to illegal drugs? Here’s how: Put aside the fact that it’s an illegal drug for a few minutes and let’s focus on the chemistry side of things. The moment when a person takes that first snort, puff, and shot trillions of potent chemical molecules surges through one’s bloodstream and gets into a person’s brain cells. Once in the brain they set off a cascade of chemicals and electrical nerves inside the brain, which increasesRead MoreAddiction : A Familiar Term For Most Of The World1603 Words   |  7 PagesBehavior Dr. Kelly Bordner April 26, 2015 Addiction Addiction is a familiar term for most of the world. By its simplest definition, addiction is habitual drug use that causes negative effects on the user’s health and social life despite efforts to stop using (Pinel, J.P. 2013). Drugs have been a part of human society for thousands of years. The quest to alter one’s consciousness is not a new one. Millions of people worldwide suffer from various forms of drug addiction. Yet for such a common affliction,Read MoreDrug Profile1262 Words   |  6 PagesDrug Profile Drug Profile * * Addiction is an escape of experiencing control it is an illusion and a mood altering experience. A pathological relationship with life-threatening or negative consequences, it is the experience that is addicting. People can become addicted to anything that alters our mood or consciousness. Addiction can be about self-harm and when done repeatedly it will stop or ease emotional pain that a person may be going through. An individual’s addiction can showRead MoreLove Is a Natural Drug1415 Words   |  6 PagesNatural Drug John-Mark I. Chambers The University of the West Indies Mona Campus Abstract Love addiction and substance dependence have similar characteristics, namely, the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, the presence of tolerance and withdrawal symptoms, and the negative influences they have on a person’s life. 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While there are many factors that contribute to whether an individual will become an addict, genes also have a significant influence. This makes this a disease that can be passed down from generations. Once drugs enter the body, they start to work in the brain in various ways. One way is by imitating the structure of a neurotransmitter and another is by over stimulating the reward center. After prolongedRead Moreearly marriage779 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬Å"DRUG ADDICTION† A Research Paper submitted to: Maria Victoria V. Balaga Don Pablo Lorenzo Memorial High School In partial fulfillment of the requirements in English IV By: MARK ATLEY INSONG GALVEZ MARIA AI AQUINO HIGA RAIZA VALERIANO JAWARI JOSE ENRIQUEZ NATIVIDAD JR HARVEY MORALES TATI IV-Adelfa Introduction-drug addiction is a very common problem. That usually under the business. addicted Isn’t using drugs. It about what the drug does toRead MorePsychological Effects Of Drugs And Drugs982 Words   |  4 PagesAn addiction is strongly craving something that results in losing control of its use and ultimately causing people to abuse its intended use, in spite of the negative consequences it creates. According to Harvard Health Publications, addiction hijacks the brain by â€Å"first, subverting the way it registers pleasure, and then by corrupting other normal drives such as learning and moving† (HHP). In the early 1900’s researchers believed that people who developed addictions were simply morally flawed. TodayRead MoreThe Use Of Mind Altering Substances Has Been About Since1040 Words   |  5 Pagesthis is not the case. Neither the substances nor the ways they affect the human body have changed throughout human history. Nor the reason why people indulge in the consumption of illegal substances.   People abuse drugs to relieve stress, manage other illnesses and receive a high.   Depending o n the drug of choice, the toll it takes on the human body differs. Furthermore, injection choice, also plays a factor on how the body is affected. For example,   through injection into the bloodstream more immediateRead MoreNegative Effects Of Drug Abuse Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesHooked Many individuals struggle everyday with addiction. Addiction can surely be a life sentence to people who let it consume them. Throughout time, people start depending on the drugs; some people don’t know how to act or think without drugs. This dependence causes bad habits that can lead to losing family, friends, jobs, money, shelter and much more. Addiction and drug abuse can cause many negative effects on the brain, behavior, body, and others around. Teens and young adults have an undeveloped

Karl Marx s Theories During The Industrial Revolution

During the 19th century, Europe underwent political and economic change resulting in a shift from craft production to factory work. This was a time known as the Industrial Revolution, in which class division and wage labor were the most foregrounded aspects of society (Poynton). Karl Marx’s theories during this time gave way to new perspectives and different ways of viewing oneself in class positions. Comparisons between social and political structures in the 19th century and the 21st century expose the similarities that have yet to be modified. Marxist theory proved to offer a framework for society to undergo evolutionary change that would put an end to the capitalist mode of production that developed during the Industrial Revolution in Europe (Connelley). Marxism greatly outlines the struggle between different classes and groups belonging to the political world and how this class struggle affects the means of production. Broadly speaking, capitalism is a structure of politic al inequality and once overcome will lead to communism, inevitably weakening the boundary between classes. Although beneficial for the workers who want to live as free men, the upper class will be placed on that same wavelength. The greater political structure will form into a realm that will abolish the exploitation and oppression of workers, thus placing power in the hands of those who do not benefit from the unequal distribution of wealth. It involves a combination of political and economic factorsShow MoreRelated Karl Marx and His Radical Views Essay1169 Words   |  5 PagesKarl Marx and His Radical Views Karl Marx[i] Karl Marx is among the most important and influential of all modern philosophers who expressed his ideas on humans in nature. According to the University of Dayton, â€Å"the human person is part of a larger history of life on this planet. Through technology humans have the power to have an immense effect on that life.†[ii] The people of his time found that the impact of the Industrial Revolution would further man’s success within thisRead MoreKarl Marx And Max Weber1663 Words   |  7 Pagesnature of the society that we live in. Karl Marx and Max Weber were two world renowned social theorists who both looked at the world in similar and contrasting ways and have helped shape the world that we live in today. Marx and Weber analyzed the transformations of society that resulted in similarities along with differences, explaining the nature along with causes of the transformation which helps other theorists come up with methods for their claims today. Karl Marx was a German philosopher and revolutionaryRead MoreKarl Marx And Friedrich Engels974 Words   |  4 Pagesno document has had such far reaching effect as Karl Marx’s, Communist Manifesto. 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Ritzer (2008) asserts that the immediate cause for the beginning of sociology were political unrests especially the French Revolution that took overRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Was A Period Of Time Between 1750 And 19141230 Words   |  5 PagesThe industrial revolution was a period of time between 1750 and 1914, in which machines began to replace manual labour. Originating in Britain it was a time of great technological and social change, with the industrialisation having major effects on work, politics, society and environment. The revolution began with the agricultural revolution in which machines replaced the jobs of farmers and many began to move to the cities to find employment. This introduction of machines and increased city populationRead MoreThe Great Philosophies From The 19th Century1386 Words   |  6 Pages4U1 - 02 17 Friday 2016 One of the greatest philosophies from the 19th century was Karl Marx. The German native born May 5 1818 was known for his works as not only a philosopher but an economist, journalist revolutionary socialist and sociologist. Marx’s different varieties of work influenced his understanding of society and and the economy during his time period. Once Marx got older, he moved to London England where he progressed his ideas and even collaborate with FriedrichRead MoreThe Debate Between Capitalism And Socialism1580 Words   |  7 Pagesare of both systems. In the dictionary it states capitalism is an economic and political system in which a country s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state. Socialism is a social and economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and co-operative management of the economy, as well as a political theory and movement that aims at the establishment of such a system (Diction ary). 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This characterization allows conflict theory to be viewed at on a continuous spectrum from different vantage points. On one end of the spectrum is the pluralistic view that infers that society is composed of different groups which are in a struggle for maintain their interestRead More Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto and the Industrial Proletariat1413 Words   |  6 PagesKarl Marxs Communist Manifesto and the Industrial Proletariat Karl Marxs Communist Manifesto was most appealing to and revolutionary for the industrial workers of 1848 (and those to come after that time). The call for unification of the proletariat and abolishment of the Bourgeoisie was an urgent one during a time of rapid progress in all aspects of industrial life. This urgency of The Communist Manifesto and the desire for change of political ideologies (to match the exponential rate

Bless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya - 1361 Words

Dreams have a very strange way of showing us a perception of reality that we ourselves cannot see. They are based on what goes on in our mind and can sometimes show us the truth that we are hiding from ourselves. They can expand our thoughts to a multitude of different subjects and force us to be a slave to our dreams, such as facing parental pressure, religious ambivalence and the loss of one s innocence. This is true of Antonio Marez in the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya. Antonio has lost control and begins to succumb to his dreams and loses control of himself. He battles his expectations given to him by his parents and also at the same time has another battle within himself. He is confused in where his faith lies and begins†¦show more content†¦Antonio has now seen that there is power in the river, and however most people would be scared of a threatening force and power, Antonio understands its true power. He already feels his connection to a power other than th e religion that he currently practices. He discovers another power that he could believe in. Bless Me, Ultima has many recurring motifs that surface during key points in the book, such as Antonio losing his innocence. After his brothers returned he had a dream of them entering a local brothel and in his dream, he pleads for them to not enter this evil place. His brothers ridiculed him for not entering and only his brother Andrew said he will not enter until Antonio has lost his innocence. His mother was also in this dream and she said You are innocent when you do not know, but you already know too much about the flesh and blood of the Marez men. (Anaya 76) His priest tells him you are only innocent when you do not know, innocence is lost with the arrival of understanding. Antonio has seen 3 deaths, you can begin to say that he is no longer pure of innocence as it has become tainted by those deaths he has witnessed firsthand. Parental pressure and religious ambivalence play a big role in Antonios life. In this dream we can easily see both of these themes. The divided world of his mother and father, and Catholicism and the religion of the GoldenShow MoreRelated`` Bless Me, Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya983 Words   |  4 PagesRudolfo Anaya, author of â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima†, uses countless examples of folk-lore all throughout his novel. In doing so, he gives his readers great insight to the Mexican-American culture of the 1940’s during World War II, and how different the culture is than how most people are raised. The folk-lore Anaya used most effectively throughout â€Å"Bless Me, Ultima† is; the whole idea of growing up and becoming a man, beliefs of witchcraft, children losing their innocence and the characters religious beliefsRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1463 Words   |  6 PagesB. Reyes 1 Bless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya L.A.P. Topic #4 Bairon Reyes Luna Mr. Amoroso Pd. 3 A.P. Literature 09/25/17 B. Reyes 2 In our hesitant humanly efforts to accept the ultimate fate, we find a painful truth, an agonizing indisputable fact that our lives must end, the way good days ends with peaceful sleep. Wistfully, we fail to discern the ironic beauty that is hidden, as we scramble to understand the superficial. This logical desire to understand its existence, and its necessity in our realityRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1730 Words   |  7 PagesBless Me Ultima Rudolfo Anaya Shaleah Mayo Topic 4 AP Literature Mr. Amoroso Period 1  What do you want to be when you grow up? A question that is always asked to a young child or young adult. You never truly know until you grow up and experience life for yourself. You live your life in search of what you like or don’t like; what you believe in or don’t believe in. Growing up and finding your way is something all children experience, but what if your way of life is already planned out forRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1380 Words   |  6 Pages Bless Me Ultima Topic #2 Abid Ahmad Abid Ahmad #1 An essential part of someone s life is a place where they are left alone with their own thoughts, not being judged by anyone or anything outside of them. In many cases, this sense of safety can only be found within themselves, because their world is being torn apart by outside influences that have little regard for their own perspective. Similarly, this is ever-present with Antonio and his family in the book Bless Me Ultima byRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1002 Words   |  5 PagesIn the novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya, Antonio matures a great deal for his age due to the violent actions he is surrounded by.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In the beginning of the novel the main character Antonio Marez, who was just six years old at the time, lives in a small town located in New Mexico. He lives with his parents, Maria and Gabriel, and two sisters, Deborah and Theresa. Tony also has three older brothers, but they are off fighting at War. During this time an older women by the name o f La GrandeRead More`` Bless Me Ultima `` By Rudolfo Anaya1109 Words   |  5 Pagesare, were and are destined to be. You re mind creates illusions that either further enhance your knowledge on what your purpose in life is or could make you fear it. Dreams are essentially part of the foundation of a persons life. Rudolfo Anaya in the novel Bless me ultima uses the concept of dreams to demonstrate the growth and the loss of innocence Antonio faces from beginning to end. The dreams Antonio has throughout the novel symbolize parts of himself he has to let go of in order to understandRead MoreBless Me Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1646 Words   |  7 Pages Bless Me Ultima Bless Me Ultima Author: Rudolfo Anaya LAP Topic 5 Written by : Jason Gutierrez Personal ideologies provide an aspiration for a fools paradise. That endeavor contrived a blindness that makes their perfect world, someone else’s ordeal. Individuals might convoke others for guidance to an explicit ambit to discover their own dogma. However, humanity has a type of ignorance in a sense that compels them to force their own beliefs onto others. Distinct mentalities collideRead MoreBless Me, Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesMiguel de Unamuno once said, â€Å"Faith which does not doubt is dead faith.† This quote embodies a key element that is explored in the novel Bless Me, Ultima written by Rudolfo Anaya. While reading the Chicano novel Bless Me, Ultima, the reader may begin to question Tony’s reliance on this faith. Tony spends most of the novel questioning God’s reasoning. He also takes a very keen interest in the complexities of the world that surrounds him. While this novel does revolve around the theme of soul-sea rchingRead MoreBless Me Ultima By Rudolfo Anaya1477 Words   |  6 Pagesbrought us into this world? Parents have a tendency to be extremely involved in every step of our lives as they have the right to do so but is it in their jurisdiction to control who we are and who we want to become? In the novel Bless Me Ultima by the author Rudolfo Anaya the debate of how much jurisdiction a parent has over their children is brought up within the reader. In the novel which is told from the perspective of the character Antonio, Antonio’s parents known as Maria and Gabriel have setRead MoreBless Me, Ultima, By Rudolfo Anaya1743 Words   |  7 PagesJohana Y. Polanco Mr. Amoroso English 12AP Pd: 3 LAP Bless Me, Ultima The Classic by Rudolfo Anaya Polanco Page:1 Will he become his own man? In the classic novel Bless Me, Ultima by Rudolfo Anaya the Mà ¡rez family invites Ultima nicknamed â€Å"La Grande† or â€Å"The Grand One,† into their lives for the second time as the sharing of their two worlds begin the stimulating of their youngest son Antonio’s mentality, he discovers life’s secrets and merges into his manhood. For the first time he begins his conflicting

A Summary of Night of the Scorpion free essay sample

The poets mother was stung by a scorpion on that night when it was pouring very heavily, thousands of villagers on hearing the news came in like swarms of flies trying to do their bit in saving the mother. They came with lanterns, candles and crowded round her chanting the name of God a thousand times, they first tried to search for the scorpion for they felt as much   as the scorpion moved the poison of the mother would spread but there was no trace of the scorpion, they wanted the scorpion to sit still,the scorpion had stung her mother on the toeand the villagers hoped that this sting would purify the mother of her earlier sins   and purify the mother of her desires and ambitions. though they were sad of her pain yet the thought that it was doing good to her body adn soul gave them peace. Although the poets father was sceptic he did all that was told to him by others in order to relieve his wife of the pain, this shows that human beings when they are helpless they do anything told to them to relieve others of their pain. The father even poured paraffin on the toe and lit a match to stop the poison from entering and the poet helplessly watched the flame. After twenty hours the poison was brought down, and all that the mother said wasthank god the scorpion stung me not my children suggesting the sacrifice that a mother would do for the sake of her children. In the poem  The Night of the Scorpion  the poet depicts the selfless love of a mother who is stung by a scorpion. She suffers a lot because of the pain but still she is happy that the scorpion did not bite her children. The poet goes back to the night when his mother is bitten by a scorpion. By hearing this incident the villagers came into the poet’s house like swarms of flies to console the family. They prayed to God countless times to immobilize the evil creature. The villagers with lights and lanterns started to search for the scorpion but in vain. They also spread a lot of superstitious observations. They observed that if the scorpion moves the poison in the blood of the mother. So they found it is necessary for the scorpion to stay still. Some villagers are of the opinion that the pain she suffers reduces the sufferings of her next life. Another philosophical interpretation the villagers give is that the pain she suffers may purify her desires and ambition. About the poet: nissim ezekim Nissim Ezekiel  (14 Dec 1924 – 9 Jan 2004) was an  Indian Jewish  poet,  playwright,  editor  and  art-critic. He was a foundational figure in postcolonial Indias literary history, specifically for  Indian  writing in  English. He was awarded the  Sahitya Akademi Award  in 1983 for his Poetry collection, Latter-Day Psalms, by the  Sahitya Akademi, Indias National Academy of Letters. Early Life Ezekiel was born on 16 December 1924 in  Mumbai  (Maharashtra). His father, Moses Ezekiel, was a professor of  botany  at  Wilson College, and his mother was principal of her own school. The Ezekiels belonged to  Mumbais  Marathi-speaking  Jewish community, known as the Bene Israel. He was maternal uncle to  Nandu Bhende. In 1947, Ezekiel earned a BA in Literature from  Wilson College, Mumbai,  University of Mumbai. In 1947-48, he taught  English literature  and published  literary  articles. After dabbling in radical politics for a while, he sailed to  England  in November 1948. He studied  philosophy  at  Birkbeck College, London. After three and a half years stay, Ezekiel worked his way home as a deck-scrubber aboard a ship carrying arms to Indochina. Career Ezekiels first book, The Bad Day, appeared in 1952. He published another volume of poems, The Deadly Man in 1960. After working as an advertising copywriter and general manager of a picture frame company (1954–59), he co-founded the literary monthly Jumpo, in 1961. He became art critic of The Names of India (1964–66) and edited Poetry India (1966–67). From 1961 to 1972, he headed the English department of Mithibai College, Bombay. The Exact Name, his fifth book of poetry was published in 1965. During this period he held short-term tenure as visiting professor at University of Leeds (1964) and University of Pondicherry (1967). In 1967, while in America, he experimented with LSD. In 1969, Writers Workshop, Kozhikode published his The Damn Plays. A year later, he presented an art series of ten programmes for Indian television. In 1976, he translated Jawarharlal Nehru poetry from Marathi, in collaboration with Vrinda Nabar , and co-edited a fiction and poetry anthology. His poem The Night Of The Scorpion is used as study material in Indian and Columbian schools. Ezekiel also penned poems in ‘Indian English’ like the one based on instruction boards in his favourite Irani cafe. His poems are used in NCERT and ICSE English textbooks. He got Padmashri award in 1988 and the Sahitya akademi award cultural award in 1983. Nissim Ezekiels daughters name was Sohini. Summary of poem: the frog the nightangle Once upon a time a frog croaked in Bingle Bog all the night beginning from dusk to dawn. All the creatures hated his loud and unpleasant voice but still they did not have any other option. The voice came out from the sumac tree where every night the frog sang till morning. He was so determined and also shameless that neither stones, prayers or sticks nor the insults or complaints could divert him from singing. One night, a nightingale started casting her melody in the moonlight to which both the frog and the other creatures were left dumbstruck. The whole bog remained, rapt and admired her voice and applauded her when she ended. The frog was obviously jealous of his rival and had finally decided to eliminate her. So, the next night when the nightingale was again preparing to sing, the frogs croak disturbed her. On being asked about himself by the nightingale he answered that he owned the sumac tree and he had been known for his splendid voice. Also he said that he had written a number of songs for the Bog Trumpet. The nightingale asked him whether he liked her song or not. The frog said that the song wasnt bad but too long and it lacked some force. The nightingale was greatly impressed that such a critic had discussed her song. She said that she was happy that the song was her own creation. To this the frog said that she needed a proper training to obtain a strong voice otherwise she would remain a beginner only. He also said that he would train her but would charge some fee. Now, the nightingale was flushed with confidence and was a huge sensation, attracting animals from miles away and the frog with a great accuracy charged all of them admission fee. The frog began her vocal training despite of the bad and rainy weather where even the nightingale had first refused to sing. But the frog forced her to sing for six hours continuously till she was shivering and her voice had become rough and unclear. But, somehow her neck got clear the next day and she was able to sing again collecting a breathless crowd including rich ladies kings queens etc. To all this, the frog had both sweet and bitter feelings. Sweet because he was earning lots of money and bitter because of jealously as his rival was earning name and fame. Everyday, the frog scolded her to practice even longer finding out her little mistakes like nervousness not laying more trills and frills etc. He reminded her that she still owed him sixty shillings and that s why the crowd should increase. But the condition of nightingale was getting worsened. Her tired and uninspired song could no longer attract the crowd. She could not resist this as she had become used to applause and thus had become miserable too. The heartless frog scolded her even then calling her a brainless bird. She trembled, puffed up, burst a vein and died. The frog said that he had tried to teach her but she was foolish, nervous and tensed and moreover much prone to influence. Then, once again the frogs fog horn started blearing unrivalled in the bog. The moral of the poem is that being inspired and influenced by someone much unknown and strange is indeed a foolish work. The nightingale could have very well judged that how could the frog with such a harsh voice be music maestro and she had to suffer for her misjudgment. Many people in the human society also try to take advantage of the innocence or ignorance of the people.

A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay Example

A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay Example A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay A Report On Travel And Tourism Environment Tourism Essay The intent of this study is to study the current province of the UK touristry market. This study examines the historical development of the travel and touristry industry in the UK, from ancient clip to show in instance of importance of being informed about, the history will take us to understand the state of affairs better and clearer and besides it tries to clear up the current construction of the travel and touristry industry in the UK. Since we are confronting many effects that economic policies have on different industries, the study besides investigates the influence of both local and international bureaus every bit good as planetary and national economic policy on touristry industry. The other subdivision which has been explained in the current study is the effects of supply and demand on travel and touristry industry ; it s of import to be discussed because of the clear vision it ll give us in be aftering for the industry. Finally it should be noticed that all industries have some pros and cons and cognizing them gives contrivers and directors to avoid doing insistent incorrect determinations therefore I will depict what the positive and negative impacts are on local and the Earth by touristry industry. History and construction of the travel and touristry industry History Since Persian king Darius the Great has made the first coevals of roads and adjustment installations for commutation, 1000s of old ages has been by, it s easy to happen the footfalls of Egyptians and Romans as ancient travelers, Wikipedia ( July 2010 ) remarks that Wealthy people have ever travelled to distant parts of the universe, to see great edifices, plants of art, learn new linguistic communications, see new civilizations and to savor different culinary arts. Long ago, at the clip of the Roman Republic, topographic points such as Baiae were popular coastal resorts for the rich. However, we have different construct of going and touristry today. The word touristry was used by 1811 and tourer by 1780 besides the word circuit was used by fourteenth century ( Merriam-Webster s 11th collegial lexicon ) . Presents based on UNWTO 1993, touristry is defined as: The activities of individuals going to and remaining in topographic points outside their usual environment for non more than one back-to-back twelvemonth for leisure, concern and other intents. The UK was ever one of the scouts in history of touristry industry, since many of new going system has founded or developed by the UK such as The Elizabethan traveler in the Renaissance or the first-ever jaunts by Thomas cook, Cox A ; male monarchs company. The industry revolution and economic growing formed today s touristry, as a consequence of societal alterations and monolithic demands for holding leisure and diversion in the new born industrial societies. Wikipedia ( July 2010 ) claims that: Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United Kingdom the first European state to advance leisure clip to the increasing industrial population. Initially, this applied to the proprietors of the machinery of production, the economic oligarchy, the mill proprietors and the bargainers. These comprised the new in-between category . The demand for services led the companies to be founded, 2008 marked the 250th day of remembrance of the foundation of Cox A ; Kings, the longest established travel company in the universe. Cox A ; Kings ( 2010 ) In the other words, we were confronting Democratization of Tourism which has been described by John Urry. How has it occurred? Sharply ( 2006 ) noted that: an historical analysis of touristry development identifies three chief periods within which specific signifiers of touristry can be identified: 1600-1800: a period which witnessed the rise and autumn of the Grand Tour , every bit good as the popularity of watering place as the first illustration of resort-based touristry e.g. touristry in the Lake District which dates back to 1698, when many visitants travelled to the Lake District for the instruction and the pleasance of the journey. 1800-1900: during this period, seaside resorts emerged and grew quickly. The latter half of the nineteenth century besides saw the birth and development of the package circuit , with Thomas Cook being widely considered as the conceiver of the construct. 1900 onwards: a period ab initio defined by increasing domestic touristry but, since the 1960s, by the rapid growing of international mass touristry. The universe has experienced a noticeable fluctuation on about every thing while World War II, the touristry was nt apart and had major displacements ; Industries have progressively become planetary in the Post-World War II period. Infrastructures and transit have faced cardinal alterations, some of them are: Using motor sofas Addition in auto ownership Addition in leisure clip More disposable income and paid vacation Jet aircrafts developed Computerized reserve systems Introduction of vacation cantonments Low cost air hoses Long draw finishs Package vacations Social alterations Political alterations Nowadays touristry is affected largely by new societal attitude of authorities and people toward terrorist act after 9/11, fiscal recession in 2009 and growing of the cyberspace and Medias. Structure Travel and touristry industry is truly complicated and normally is considered as umbrella industry, since its dependance on a batch of factors and sectors which are working together, hence every subdivision should work right in order to be successful. This industry encompasses transit system, adjustments, circuit operators, travel bureaus, sail lines, escapade companies, receptive operators, convention agency and so on. Harmonizing to Rowe et Al ( 2002 ) , Travel and touristry is able to be discussed in several classs, but we fundamentally classify it in these three types that are presented by Diagram1: Travel and Tourism Domestic Tourism Inbound Tourism Outbound Tourism Figure 1 Domestic touristry is when people from a state take vacations, short interruptions and twenty-four hours trip in their ain fatherland. Like a twosome who take a two yearss break to see their relations in their ain state. Inbound touristry is when some people enter to another state organize their place state. Like a concern group which enter England in order to go to a conference. Outbound touristry this footings is used when the people travel organize their ain state to see the other portion of the universe for leisure or sordidness. Like an Persian household who goes to The U.S merely for leisure. In the chart below the figure of both inbound and outward touristry in the UK have been compared since 2008: National Statistic Online ( 2010 ) Figure2 Source: National Statistic Online There is besides another theoretical account suggested by Leiper in 1990, harmonizing to Cooper et Al, ( 2008 ) there are three basic elements of Leiper s theoretical account: Tourists Tourists are different in what their ends are and what they are going for but they are the first ring of this concatenation. Geographic elements Traveler-generating part Tourist finish part Tourist path part The touristry sector Figure 3 Some of the touristry sector includes: International or national touristry organisations e.g. : UNWTO, VisitbritainaˆÂ ¦ Transportation system system e.g. air hoses, rail system, ocean line drives, rental autos, coachs aˆÂ ¦ Adjustments e.g. hotels, B A ; Bs, clip portion complex, campingaˆÂ ¦ Tour operators, jobbers, travel bureaus, escapade companies, receptive operators, convention agency Visitor s attractive forces e.g. museums, ancient memorials, landscapes Let s set Leiper s theoretical account in pattern with an illustration, a British immature twosome is going to Brazil in order to pass their honeymoon in Rio ; Rio is celebrated for its great beaches. They fly by British Air Line, and booked a five star hotel at the beach through the cyberspace. This bundle was designed by Travel to Heaven which is a jobber but they have bought it from a travel bureau near their place in Sheffield. They are traveling to take the train to London since the flight is form Heathrow air port. A immature twosome is tourer. Geographic elements. Sheffield ( England ) is tourist bring forthing part. Rio ( Brazil ) is tourist finish part. Taking the train from Sheffield and winging signifier Heathrow forms transit route part. Tourism elements are peculiarly Travel to Heaven, a little travel bureau, a five star hotel, catering, national and international organisations, and so on. Tourism and travel Industry sometimes get impact of Integrations in companies which are an of import happening ; foremost we have to cognize that there are two sorts of integrating, Horizontal and Vertical. Harmonizing to Travel and Tourism Publishing ( 2010 ) : Vertical integrating in the travel industry is when a company has control over other companies that are at different degrees in the concatenation of distribution or in different sectors for case, TUI Travel UK owns Thomson and First Choice circuit operating concerns, and the Thomson and First Choice travel bureau ironss. Thomas Cook AG ( a German group ) owns the Thomas Cook and MyTravel tour runing companies ( including Airtours ) , plus the Thomas Cook and Going Places ironss of travel bureaus. Horizontal integrating is when a company owns or has control over a figure of companies at the same degree in the distribution concatenation or the same industry sector for case, many tour runing concerns that are now portion of the big two were originally independent companies, e.g. Neilson and Club 18-30 ( now portion of the Thomas Cook Group ) , and Something Special and the Holiday Cottages Group ( now merged with Thomson ) . These illustrations have made important fluctuations in this industry both locally and globally. The influence of local and national authoritiess and international bureaus on the travel and touristry industry The nature of touristry industry as one of the universe s largest industries, using about 235 million people and bring forthing over 9.2 per cent of universe GDP, due to its complex construction and its engagement in 100s of different unit, cause it to be affected by the local and national authoritiess every bit good as touristry organisations and bureaus both domestically and globally. Figure 1 from Charles et Al ( 2006 ) shows, all of these maps must be carried out with a high grade of concerted interaction between the public and private sectors. Figure 4 Beginning: Tourism rule, pattern and doctrines Organizations which lead touristry and travel industry are classified in four degrees ; some of these organisations are briefly described below, in add-on it should be mentioned that Iran and Turkey have been selected as samples about national organisations. International organisations and bureaus UNWTO: The World Tourism Organization ( UNWTO/OMT ) is a specialised bureau of the united aˆZnations and the taking international organisation in the field of touristry. It serves as a aˆZglobal forum for touristry policy issues and a practical beginning of touristry know-how.aˆZ UNWTO ( September 2010 ) . WTTC: The World Travel A ; Tourism Council ( WTTC ) is the forum for concern leaders in the Travel A ; Tourism industry. With Chief Executives of some one hundred of the universe s taking Travel A ; Tourism companies as its Members, WTTC has a alone authorization and overview on all affairs related to Travel A ; Tourism. WTTC ( September 2010 ) . IATA: It is an international trade organic structure, created over 60 old ages ago by a group of air hoses. Today, IATA represents some 230 air hoses consisting 93 % of scheduledA international air traffic. The organisation besides represents leads and serves the air hose industry in general.A IATA ( September 2010 ) A Other organisations which have direct or indirect functions in touristry such as ; WHO, IFC, IBRD, ICAO, UNESCO, OECD and so on Regional organisations PATA: The Pacific Asia Travel Association is a not-for-profit rank association dedicated to constructing responsible travel to, from and within the Pacific Asia Region. PATA ( September 2010 ) ETC: The European Travel Commission ( ETC ) is an association of National Tourism Organizations ( NTOs ) . It was created in 1948 to advance Europe as a finish to long-haul touristry markets. Visiteurope ( September 2010 ) National organisations ICHTO: Iran Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization is responsible for civilization heritage, ready to hand trades and touristry. Museums, cordial reception sectors, providing services. Pull offing private sectors encircle organisation responsibilities. KULTUR: Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism is a national organisation which is in charge of touristry in Turkey. Local organisations GCHTO: Guilan Culture Heritage and Tourism Organization is a local organisation that acts in Guilan state located in North of Iran. THA: Tehran Hotels Association, this association works to develop hotels and manage cordial reception issues in Tehran the capital of Iran. Every state has its ain association. These organisations are in charge of taking, managing, developing and doing constabularies for spread outing sustainable touristry standards. Interrelate between these organisations is really important, since they are pull offing a monolithic industry. For illustration UNWTO is well-known for its alone statistics and studies, besides Charles et Al ( 2006 ) declare that UNWTO has a cardinal and decisive function in advancing the development of responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible touristry, with the purpose of lending to economic development, international apprehension, peace, prosperity, and cosmopolitan regard for and observation of human rights and cardinal freedoms. In prosecuting this purpose, WTO pays peculiar attending to the involvements of the developing states in the field of tourism. It s non merely this organisation involve in different regional undertakings, for case the undertaking of Silk route an ancient 12,000 Km signifier Asia to Europe. UNWTO is working on poorness soothing and skip through sustainable touristry, protecting kids from sexual development in touristry, crisis direction, ecotourism, and safety and security. A good illustration for cooperation between all these organisations in different degrees can be Rural Heritage Museum of Guilan this museum has been founded in 2005 with about four million dollars investing, it s now in 7th stage. It s the first eco-museum in Iran. UNESCO, ICOM ( international council of museum ) , university of Tehran, ICHTO, GCHTO, Financial patrons and local communities involved in establishing this museum as an alone experience in Iran. Here in this portion of the study we are traveling to look into what are the influences of these sectors on touristry ; in add-on the status of these organisations and their effects will be examined in Iran. Naturally function of the authorities in totalitarian systems and communist governments is more than the other sectors, because in these sorts of systems about everything in all degrees is controlled by the authorities. In add-on happening suited information based on dependable statistic is a troublesome action so. There are tonss of results can be identified in Iran during last few decennaries, for case since Islamic revolution, Iran has faced cardinal fluctuations in political relations, political orientation, international relationship, economic system and so on. All of these elements evidently influenced touristry industry, for illustration after the revolution many western states were nt interested to see Iran chiefly, because of the black face that the totalitarian government of Iran had and besides because of eight old ages war among Iran and Iraq which made the part unsafe, besides partially because of restriction in societal freedom for illustration in vesture or imbibing. Political Issues and policies Sanctions after countenances is what shows how acrimonious is the state of affairs of Iran s policy in international community ; nevertheless in touristry finishs and attractive forces in the universe ranking, Iran is in top mid-twentiess but in multi billion dollar touristry concern it s merely near the finish line. It s difficult to O.K. that you are non a terrorist as an ordinary citizen of Iran when you are fixing to go to other states ; the procedure for acquiring visa is a hurting due to political policy which Iran has and the feedback of the international community. Traveling to Iran organize some states is difficult and sometimes impossible, for case Israel and the United States. Political stableness was threatened by 2009 presidential race and misrepresentation in the consequence which ends with Green Movement protests. This has decreased all domestic, outbound and inward touristry, therefore the investing in privet sector has declined. Economic Issues and policies The consequence of economic issues is largely tangible in domestic and outward touristry non inbounds. Cuting revenue enhancements is an encouraging policy offered by authorities in order to increase privet sector function in touristry. Investing in touristry industry due to involvement rate, rising prices and economic stableness ties with high hazard, the involvement rate in Iran is approximately 15 % 25 % and the rising prices is normally more than 12 % and largely about 20 % . Inbound touristry is profiting with cheaper disbursals thanks to the currency power, one $ US is about 10,000 IRR. Traveling by personal autos has been dramatically fall as a consequence of the policy of utilizing Intelligent Fuel Cards that has been done by the authorities to cut down the gasoline ingestion in Iran. Other issues and policies Geting justification in order to run a concern for private sector in Iran is a complicated and incomprehensible procedure. A individual who wants to put in touristry Fieldss should go through many filters and trials which are nt needfully relevant to the travel and touristry industry. There was a gradual rise in authorities employee s travel by offering Expedition Card games from the authorities sector. Peoples can utilize it to diminish their disbursals while going. Educating and promoting people to go by advertisement through the public Medias has made a fluctuation. Producing statistics and information is forgotten by governments, and practically there is nt any dependable information about touristry industry. The new policy of authorities is to put in wellness touristry thanks to Iran s great substructure and infrastructure in this instance. Investigate the effects of supply and demand on the travel and touristry industry Planing for tremendous industries such touristry is much more critical today, so there should be a wise vision of what we have as facts and what is forecasted for the hereafter. In add-on analysing supply and demand is a eventful process in a booming industry. As it s been mentioned in the first undertaking there are some theoretical accounts which illustrate construction of touristry, but it besides can be defined with this two constituents ; Cooper et Al ( 2008 ) Demand-side definitions Supply-side definitions Since demand-side has an huge influence on supply-side, even we can state that supply is a map of demand, demand as a cardinal factor of touristry industry will be discussed in this undertaking. Indeed definition of demand is changing in the different topics for illustration the account of demand in Economy may is differ with the definition in Psychology or Geography. But allow s clear up harmonizing to Page ( 2007 ) touristry demand has been defined in legion ways, including: The entire figure of individuals who travel, or wish to go, to utilize tourer installations and services at topographic points off from their topographic points of work and abode ; The relationship between persons motive [ to go ] and their ability to make so ; The agenda of the sum of any merchandise or service which people are willing and able to purchase at each specific monetary value in a set of possible monetary values during a specified period of clip. Each of these definitions in touristry has some elements harmonizing to cooper et Al ( 2008 ) there are three elements in touristry demand: Demand elements Actual demand Suppressed demand No demand Figure 5 Effective or existent demand is the figure of people take parting in touristry, normally expressed as the figure of travellers. For case 1000s of people went to see World Cup in South Africa. Suppressed demand, which consists of the proportion of the population who are unable to go because of, fortunes e.g. deficiency of buying power or deficiency of vacations. There were some people that liked to travel and affect in World Cup but due to some fortunes like deficiency of money they could nt do it. No demand includes those members of the population who have no desire to go and those who are unable to go due to household committednesss or unwellness or they choose to pass their income on the other things instead than touristry. About the World Cup my brother is non interested in football at all so he should be in no demand class. Or may be some people are banded to come in South Africa so they are potentially categorized in no demand. As you can see all three elements can be explained in both geographical parts discussed by Leiper s theoretical account. This may be an interesting inquiry that: Why do people travel on vacation? So Lashkar-e-Taiba s see what motives are, and what signifiers demand to go. Knowing this is perfectly important as a consequence of the importance of demand function in sweetening of touristry. Tourism demand determiners are different and a batch but most of the experts, despite of new determiners like globalisation and environmentalism, believe that Uysel 1998 has explained these factors sagely. Figure 6 is his theoretical account in demand determiners. For better understanding Lashkar-e-Taiba s hold some illustrations, through these samples some of these determiners will be discussed, conceive of an archaeologist wants to see Ancient Iran Museum to see Cyrus the great cylinder which is the first human right declaration that had kept in British museum beforehand. She was nt able to travel to Britain because it was non low-cost for her for many grounds like: her disposable income was nt plenty, touristry monetary value is high and exchange rate is dramatically upward but now she can easy see it ( Economic determiners ) . Besides if even she was able to pay for this travel she was nt able to go forth Iran, due to societal and psychological grounds for illustration her male parent does nt allow her girl leave Iran before she gets married, besides she did nt hold adequate clip for disbursement, and she is afraid of winging and so on ( Social psychological determiners ) . Or believe about an adventuresome group interested in saddle horse mounting and intend to travel to Himalaya mountain scope. Both Afghanistan and Nepal are good but due to war, terrorist act, degree of development in substructure and superstructure Nepal s opportunity is more than Afghanistan ( Exogenous determiners ) . Figure 6 Beginning: Reproduce organize Tourism direction pull offing for alteration Increasing touristry demand is led by two types of factors, Internal and External ; external factors are those related to environing of individual such as income and societal status. Internal factors are base on single demands like wellness instruction and personal involvements. In add-on demand alterations under many other fortunes through consumer behaviour and determination procedure, cooper et Al ( 2008 ) claim that determination doing procedure as a system made up of four basic elements: Energizers of demand. These are the forces and influences that jointly create the motive to go or travel on vacation. Effecters of demand. The information procedure and subsequent purchase determinations are influenced by the tourer s cognition and perceptual experiences of peculiar topographic points, finishs or experiences. These are the pull factors which lead the tourer to doing peculiar travel picks. Functions and the decision-making procedure. Here, the of import function is that of the household member who usually involved in the different phase of purchase procedure and the concluding declaration of determinations about when, where ad how the group will devour the touristry merchandise. Determinants of demand. A assortment of economic, societal and psychological factors determine peculiar picks or filter out inappropriate merchandises. These include touchable or descriptive demand factors, such as: aˆ? Mobility aˆ? Employment and income aˆ? Paid vacation entitlement aˆ? Education degrees aˆ? Demographic variables: age, gender, race, phase in the household life rhythm. In the other manus analyzing demand can clear up critical informations which are chief demands for planing future programs including: Number of visitants arrived Meanss of transit Length of remaining Type of adjustment Money outgo and so on These informations and tonss of other inside informations can be deducing by analysing the demand statistics and information. Now that there is a really good perceptual experience of demand in touristry we have to see what direct and indirect influences it has on supply, or in the other word how supply changes to run into demand. Some illustrations will clear up how the system is. Globalization has changed the Earth in many ways Medias, cyberspace and orbiters are playing a monolithic function in organizing touristry demand these yearss and of class supply side used this as an chance. Internet engagement, international ads, on-line bundles and practical Tourss are all of import for demand side and tourers. Thankss to these alterations, now there are tonss of online sites which serve consumers before doing a determination. These web sites and Television ads are really of import to gestate tourers mind beforehand. It s important since it influences consumer behaviour based on determiners that we discussed in progress. The figure of visitants during a twelvemonth is different, for illustration during summer merely a few people wants to see Sahara desert or in the winter many people intend to travel ski in Europe. Low season and High season are tow different construct which supply side should be cognizant of, the policies for these two occasions should be different, for illustration offering lower monetary value services to pull people in low season may is one of the schemes. Besides in the high season puting new flights can be helpful in order to cover all visitants. Environmentalism as a new issue has changed the universe position of point about many things, for illustration hotels try to be greener in order to draw more clients toward. Or tour bundles to North Pole have been established as a consequence of increasing form of demand to see ice runing phenomenon and being informed of what is traveling on in world. Tourism is a quickly turning phenomenon and has become one of the largest industries in the universe. The impact of touristry is highly varied. On one manus, it plays an of import and surely positive function in the socio-economic and political development in finish states by, for case, offering new employment chances. Besides, in certain cases, it may lend to a broader cultural apprehension by making consciousness, esteeming the diverseness of civilizations and ways of life. On the other manus, as a tool to make occupations, it has non fulfilled its outlooks. At the same clip, ailments from tourer finishs refering monolithic negative impacts upon environment, civilization and occupants ways of life have given rise to a demand for a more sustainable development in touristry. Different parties will hold to be involved in the procedure of developing sustainable touristry. This subdivision focuses on what the touristry industry itself can make in order to increase its sustainability, defines three major jobs, and suggests possible touristry enterprises to assist work out these jobs. Other jobs should besides be included in the treatment for it to go thorough. Wikipedia ( July 2010 ) ( Merriam-Webster s 11th collegial lexicon ) Word Tourism Organization 1993. Sharply ( 2006 ) Rowe et Al ( 2002 ) , National Statistic Online ( 2010 ) [ on-line ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statistics.gov.uk/cci/nugget.asp? id=352 [ Accessed: 20 July 2010 ] Cooper et Al, 2008 Cox A ; Kings ( 2010 ) Centuries of Experience [ online ] hypertext transfer protocol: //www.coxandkings.co.uk/aboutus-history.aspx, [ Accessed: 20 July 2010 ] Travel and Tourism Publishing ( 2010 ) [ on-line ] www.tandtpublishing.co.uk/acatalog/pdf/unit12ppt.ppt [ [ Accessed: 27 July 2010 ] unwto ( september2010 ) wttc ( September 2010 ) IATA ( September 2010 ) A PATA ( September 2010 ) hypertext transfer protocol: //www.visiteurope.com/Footer/About-us Charles et Al ( 2006 ) Undertaking 5 Impact of touristry, UN PDF

Free Essays on Political Science

In the 18th century Liberalism help in the American Revolution by challenging the Absolute power of the Monarchy. (Political Ideologies p.24, 25) Liberalism were tired of the notation of â€Å"divine rights of a king† and an â€Å"accident of birth† for the social class statuses. Liberalism pushed for a government of representation and constitution, which is the opposite of Monarchy. In the United States the Declaration of Independence is a liberal idea. It state that all men are crated equal, have the rights to life, liberty and property. (The US Constitution p. 59) Declaring ones independence is an act of rebellion, which is self an act of one liberty. The US Constitution followed the Declaration of Independence in 1778, it was written by James Madison the â€Å"father of the Constitution†. (The US Constitution p.6) The US Constitution is a liberal document. One reason why is the separation of branches, it limit the power of all three branches, by a system of â€Å"checks and balances†. (The US Constitution) The19th century was a goriest time for liberalism, the US’s Constitution add new additions with the Bill of Rights which has liberal values. Under the Bill of Rights are civil rights are protected. Example would be the 1st amendment the right to religion, speech, assembly petition and press. (The US Constitution p. 45) These rights give us the liberties to openly/publicly speck our minds, without the worry of being kill for it. The US’s Constitution adds in the 13th, 14th, and the 15th amendments that free all men to have liberty, nor was it limited to just white men 21 year old land owners. With these additions black men were free to work for who they wish, vote, and own land without the state taking it away without due process. (The US Constitution p. 49) The early Liberalism can founded in the writing of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government, and Adam Smith’s The Wealth o... Free Essays on Political Science Free Essays on Political Science In the 18th century Liberalism help in the American Revolution by challenging the Absolute power of the Monarchy. (Political Ideologies p.24, 25) Liberalism were tired of the notation of â€Å"divine rights of a king† and an â€Å"accident of birth† for the social class statuses. Liberalism pushed for a government of representation and constitution, which is the opposite of Monarchy. In the United States the Declaration of Independence is a liberal idea. It state that all men are crated equal, have the rights to life, liberty and property. (The US Constitution p. 59) Declaring ones independence is an act of rebellion, which is self an act of one liberty. The US Constitution followed the Declaration of Independence in 1778, it was written by James Madison the â€Å"father of the Constitution†. (The US Constitution p.6) The US Constitution is a liberal document. One reason why is the separation of branches, it limit the power of all three branches, by a system of â€Å"checks and balances†. (The US Constitution) The19th century was a goriest time for liberalism, the US’s Constitution add new additions with the Bill of Rights which has liberal values. Under the Bill of Rights are civil rights are protected. Example would be the 1st amendment the right to religion, speech, assembly petition and press. (The US Constitution p. 45) These rights give us the liberties to openly/publicly speck our minds, without the worry of being kill for it. The US’s Constitution adds in the 13th, 14th, and the 15th amendments that free all men to have liberty, nor was it limited to just white men 21 year old land owners. With these additions black men were free to work for who they wish, vote, and own land without the state taking it away without due process. (The US Constitution p. 49) The early Liberalism can founded in the writing of Thomas Hobbes’s Leviathan, John Locke’s Two Treatises on Government, and Adam Smith’s The Wealth o...

Pupil Annaual Progress Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Pupil Annaual Progress Report - Essay Example Recent assessment has shown that she has moved one levelr up and has secured level P3(ii) in communication and exploring and ordering the world (science and maths) of the level underpinning the National Curriculum. The prediction for the next year is that she will achieved level P4 in communication as she has already showning the ability which underpins this assessment level. Aaishah has increased her attention to regularly used objects in familiar activities. Within the year’s progress, As the year has progressed, Aaishah has developed an increasing awareness thatbecome increasingly more aware that her activities have expected steps and that she needs to keepbe active within them. She has become more consistent in using objects in the ways in which they are intended forto be used. Aaishah has become more consistent in carrying out independent actions within familiar activities such as reaching out for the morning parachute, holding the register, looking at a drum, putting items back in the finish box, and looking at the washing up bowl when getting ready to put her cup away. She has shown that she knows what the next steps in several of her activities are. Aaishah has continued to respond more positively to clear firm instructions from adults when taking part in less motivational activities. She has continued to become more responsive to clear fa cial expressions indicating praise or â€Å"stop†/†no† from familiar adults. Also, she and has developed an ability to can give a cheeky smile when she has tryingied to avoid something or deviated from thea routine. Recentlyisentlly, Aaishah has becomebecame consistent in carrying out independent actions within familiar activities, such as reaching out for the morning parachute, tapping a drum, putting items back in the finish box when adults indicate it is time to finish. In addition, Sshe

Write a research paper about oil price related to people's daily life

Write a about oil price related to people's daily life - Research Paper Example The reduction affected the earnings for OPEC, which in turn reduced its supply to maintain a certain price. Shortage of oil in turn increased its prices in the consuming countries leading to high prices for the basic commodities. The fall in oil prices in year 2014 will affect large economies such as the US, which have large borrowings with expectations that oil prices may go up. Anything that affects the economy of a nation affects the lives of the consumers who the country’s citizens. Rising oil prices in the international markets lead to increased prices of oil products such as cooking fuels and petroleum products. High prices of petroleum products such as petrol and diesel lead increase in the transportation costs for consumers goods forcing the sellers to increase their prices as well. In fact, almost all the commodities used by consumers today depend on the price of oil especially the industrial manufactured goods. Many industries use oil products to run their machines a nd any price fluctuation and increase in price is passed to the consumer. Oil prices affect the prices of consumer goods in the world because they raise the production cost for manufactured basic commodities. Many medical products originate from petroleum, which means that any change in the oil prices will affect the prices of medical products and finally the health of consumers. Many may not be aware that many products they use for medical purposes come from oil products such as petroleum. Without the product, loss of lives will be a common phenomenon due to lack of important medical devices and the high cost of the available ones. Some the examples of the devices from petroleum products are vaporizers, gloves, stethoscope, anesthetic, heart valves, artificial limbs and many more (Horsnell & Mabro, 1993). Hospitals rely on the petroleum product for their daily operations without which diagnosis and treatment would be impossible. Other health items at home use

The Importance Of Memory Continuity Philosophy Essay

The Importance Of Memory Continuity Philosophy Essay In this chapter I will demonstrate that memories are very important to our conception of ourselves and the identities of others, but are unreliable and not alone sufficient for ensuring the continuity of ones identity. I believe that more psychological elements are required in instances where memories are erroneous or have been forgotten. Consciousness is a difficult term to define though. Thomas Reid points out that we cannot be conscious of the past, as you can only ever be conscious of the present (Reid, p. 222). So perhaps Locke means it is our memories which make us the same person as we were yesterday. The problem with this is that I can remember what my flatmates were doing yesterday, but this does not make me identical with my flatmates. So it must only be first-person memory, from my own perspective, which demonstrates that I am identical with myself from yesterday. Joseph Butler objects that this results in a circular position, as having first-person memories implies my remembering that I performed those actions (Butler, p. 324). However, we can see that it would be possible for someone to wake up with amnesia, knowing what actions they had performed recently but with no idea who they are. Therefore, it is possible to separate first-person memory from identity. This is the position popularly attributed to Lo cke. But does this mean that I cease to be myself when I sleep, or that when I temporarily forget that I went cycling yesterday I am no longer the person who went cycling yesterday? Locke would not believe this to be the case. As long as I remembered when I was prompted or woken up then I would still be the same person. But what if I could not remember, even with prompting? For example, someone with Alzheimers disease may suffer loss of memory of recent events. There was also the case of David Fitzpatrick, who suffered a dissociative fugue at age 25, causing him to forget everything about his life before the fugue (Channel Fives The Man With No Past). As Lockes theory of identity related to the responsibility of the agent, Locke would have to say that David Fitzpatrick could not be held responsible for any of the actions, good or bad, he had carried out prior to his fugue. We are reluctant to accept that people are not responsible for actions they cannot recall committing. A distinction which needs to be drawn in Lockes position on accountability is the difference between being conscious of an action now and being conscious of it when it was being committed. For example, (sleepwalker?) was not convicted of the murder of his father because he committed the crime while asleep. Since he was clearly not conscious of the actions he was performing, he was not held responsible for them. However, someone who intentionally hurts many people and later forgets what he has done should not be deemed innocent. As this pertains to identity, we can see that there may be parts of our lives we can no longer recall. For example, most of us recall very little of our early childhood. Thomas Reid objects to this element of Lockes theory of identity with a famous example. A young boy is flogged for stealing apples, grows up to become an officer and later becomes a general. The officer remembered being flogged, and the general remembers being an officer, but the general does not remember being flogged. According to Locke this means the general is not the same person as he was as a child. Reid argues, however, that identity is transitive (Reid, p.249). This means that since the general remembers being an officer, and the officer remembers being flogged, the general is identical with the boy who was flogged, which means Lockes response is nonsensical. But identity is not necessarily transitive. For example, the cup by my bed was full last night but this morning it is empty. This does not mean that the cup I see this morning is different to the one that was there last night. Not all qualities must remain the same in order for people and objects to be the same over time. The only aspect which Locke says must be consistent is our consciousness. ( A huge problem with Lockes theory is the possibility that one may have memories which have become distorted over time, or altogether false. Memories are extremely fragile, and easily led by suggestions from others. For example, Locke explains that, in the case of one who falsely suffers guilt for someone elses crime, when we get to Heaven, God will ensure that the only memories we have and can be held responsible for are our own (Locke, p. 473). But in order for God to determine which memories are ours, he must be able to determine who we are. Locke is unable to explain how God determines this, and why we cannot use Gods criteria instead of Lockes flawed system. A similar problem for Locke is cases of amnesia, whereby a person forgets everything of their past. A new person may seem to emerge after the episode. But what if they later recovered their memory? Similarly, what happens to their old self during times of identity loss. Should we consider the old person to have died? But then when they return we could only consider them to have come back to life. So body needed to act as a kind of enclosure for the memories, allowing for some kind of continuity during times of memory or psychological loss. Tan Tai Wei states that the unreliability of memories means that we need more in order to assure ones identity. He claims that our bodies are necessary for the authentication of our memories. [http://www.springerlink.com/content/jm4072410n14l705/]. As demonstrated in previous chapters, the only important aspects of our body are the brain and our genetic make-up. Yet these do not seem to offer any reliable authentication of our memories. Instead, I believe that what we ourselves would deem important for the continuation of our identity is our psychology: our beliefs, opinions, attitudes and passions. J. Butler, Analogy of Religion, Harper and Brothers, New York, 1860. J. Locke, An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, (ed.) T. J. Cobden-Sanderson and J. F. Dove, Oxford University, Oxford, 1828. T. Reid, Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man, in: The Works of Thomas Reid, Vol. 1, (ed.) MacLaughlan and Stewart, Edinburgh, 1872. The Man With No Past 2006, television programme, Extraordinary People, Channel Five, UK, 15th November.

please Let Us Skate :: essays research papers

"Please Let Us Skate" "Hey you guys! Skating is prohibited in this park. Would you please be so kind and leave. Thanks for cooperating and have a great day" exclaimed a security guard who worked for the park. Apparently the security guard's idea of a great day in the park means monk-like silence. With an area restricted on roller-blading and skate-boarding, we are forced to skate elsewhere. "As a security guard for the past year, I want to keep the park as safe as possible," says the security guard. "Skaters get in the way. Skaters are crashing into other people who are just here to relax. It is very dangerous and it is prohibited in this park." Well, for one thing, roller-blading hasn't been accepted as a sport here in Hong Kong and will continue to be that way unless something is done about the places where skaters are allowed to skate. There are many places where cycling is allowed but where skating is not allowed. Why is this? Maybe it is because people here don't feel that we skaters deserve the right any cyclists, or anything on wheels, have. All we ask for is a decent place to skate where we wouldn't have our rights denied. I have been skating for two and a half years now. Until recently, I have started to skate with a couple of my friends whenever we have the time to. There has never been a time where we haven't been stopped and kicked out. This has been very irritating for us and we still don't understand why we're not welcomed at any parks, other than the answer we always get, "You might hurt someone". Personally, I think the only people that are going to get hurt are the ones with the skates, us. Another big problem we Roller-bladers face here in Hong Kong is the fact that we are not only rejected by society but also by other skaters, skate- boarders. There are many places to skate here in Hong Kong and of those, 90 percent are dominated by local skate-boarding cliques. They don't like the idea of mixing with those have an extra 4 wheels stuck to their feet and usually get rid of us their way. Skate-boarders and Roller-bladers simply cannot get along. Personally, I enjoy the fine art of Roller-blading and

The Lost Symbol Chapter 86-89

CHAPTER 86 In the cerulean glow of his basement lights, Mal'akh stood at the stone table and continued his preparations. As he worked, his empty stomach growled. He paid no heed. His days of servitude to the whims of his flesh were behind him. Transformation requires sacrifice. Like many of history's most spiritually evolved men, Mal'akh had committed to his path by making the noblest of flesh sacrifices. Castration had been less painful than he had imagined. And, he had learned, far more common. Every year, thousands of men underwent surgical gelding–orchiectomy, as the process was known–their motivations ranging from transgender issues, to curbing sexual addictions, to deep-seated spiritual beliefs. For Mal'akh, the reasons were of the highest nature. Like the mythological self-castrated Attis, Mal'akh knew that achieving immortality required a clean break with the material world of male and female. The androgyne is one. Nowadays, eunuchs were shunned, although the ancients understood the inherent power of this transmutational sacrifice. Even the early Christians had heard Jesus Himself extol its virtues in Matthew 19:12: â€Å"There are those who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. He who is able to accept this, let him accept it.† Peter Solomon had made a flesh sacrifice, although a single hand was a small price in the grand scheme. By night's end, however, Solomon would be sacrificing much, much more. In order to create, I must destroy. Such was the nature of polarity. Peter Solomon, of course, deserved the fate that awaited him tonight. It would be a fitting end. Long ago, he had played the pivotal role in Mal'akh's mortal life path. For this reason, Peter had been chosen to play the pivotal role in Mal'akh's great transformation. This man had earned all the horror and pain he was about to endure. Peter Solomon was not the man the world believed he was. He sacrificed his own son. Peter Solomon had once presented his son, Zachary, with an impossible choice–wealth or wisdom. Zachary chose poorly. The boy's decision had begun a chain of events that eventually dragged the young man into the depths of hell. Soganlik Prison. Zachary Solomon had died in that Turkish prison. The whole world knew the story . . . but what they didn't know was that Peter Solomon could have saved his son. I was there, Mal'akh thought. I heard it all. Mal'akh had never forgotten that night. Solomon's brutal decision had meant the end of his son, Zach, but it had been the birth of Mal'akh. Some must die that others may live. As the light over Mal'akh's head began changing color again, he realized the hour was late. He completed his preparations and headed back up the ramp. It was time to attend to matters of the mortal world. CHAPTER 87 All is revealed at the thirty-third degree, Katherine thought as she ran. I know how to transform the pyramid! The answer had been right in front of them all night. Katherine and Langdon were alone now, dashing through the cathedral's annex, following signs for â€Å"The Garth.† Now, exactly as the dean had promised, they burst out of the cathedral into a massive, walled-in courtyard. The cathedral garth was a cloistered, pentagonal garden with a bronze postmodern fountain. Katherine was amazed how loudly the fountain's flowing water seemed to be reverberating in the courtyard. Then she realized it was not the fountain she was hearing. â€Å"Helicopter!† she shouted as a beam of light pierced the night sky above them. â€Å"Get under that portico!† The dazzling glare of a searchlight flooded the garth just as Langdon and Katherine reached the other side, slipping beneath a Gothic arch into a tunnel that led to the outside lawn. They waited, huddled in the tunnel, as the helicopter passed overhead and began circling the cathedral in wide arcs. â€Å"I guess Galloway was right about hearing visitors,† Katherine said, impressed. Bad eyes make for great ears. Her own ears now pounded rhythmically with her racing pulse. â€Å"This way,† Langdon said, clutching his daybag and moving through the passage. Dean Galloway had given them a single key and a clear set of directions. Unfortunately, when they reached the end of the short tunnel, they found themselves separated from their destination by a wide-open expanse of lawn, currently flooded with light from the helicopter overhead. â€Å"We can't get across,† Katherine said. â€Å"Hold on . . . look.† Langdon pointed to a black shadow that was materializing on the lawn to their left. The shadow began as an amorphous blob, but it was growing quickly, moving in their direction, becoming more defined, rushing at them faster and faster, stretching, and finally transforming itself into a massive black rectangle crowned by two impossibly tall spires. â€Å"The cathedral facade is blocking the searchlight,† Langdon said. â€Å"They're landing out in front!† Langdon grabbed Katherine's hand. â€Å"Run! Now!† Inside the cathedral, Dean Galloway felt a lightness in his step that he had not felt in years. He moved through the Great Crossing, down the nave toward the narthex and the front doors. He could hear the helicopter hovering in front of the cathedral now, and he imagined its lights coming through the rose window in front of him, throwing spectacular colors all over the sanctuary. He recalled the days when he could see color. Ironically, the lightless void that had become his world had illuminated many things for him. I see more clearly now than ever. Galloway had been called to God as a young man and over his lifetime had loved the church as much as any man could. Like many of his colleagues who had given their lives in earnest to God, Galloway was weary. He had spent his life straining to be heard above the din of ignorance. What did I expect? From the Crusades, to the Inquisition, to American politics–the name Jesus had been hijacked as an ally in all kinds of power struggles. Since the beginning of time, the ignorant had always screamed the loudest, herding the unsuspecting masses and forcing them to do their bidding. They defended their worldly desires by citing Scripture they did not understand. They celebrated their intolerance as proof of their convictions. Now, after all these years, mankind had finally managed to utterly erode everything that had once been so beautiful about Jesus. Tonight, encountering the symbol of the Rose Cross had fueled him with great hope, reminding him of the prophecies written in the Rosicrucian manifestos, which Galloway had read countless times in the past and could still recall. Chapter One: Jehova will redeem humanity by revealing those secrets which he previously reserved only for the elect. Chapter Four: The whole world shall become as one book and all the contradictions of science and theology shall be reconciled. Chapter Seven: Before the end of the world, God shall create a great flood of spiritual light to alleviate the suffering of humankind. Chapter Eight: Before this revelation is possible, the world must sleep away the intoxication of her poisoned chalice, which was filled with the false life of the theological vine. Galloway knew the church had long ago lost her way, and he had dedicated his life to righting her course. Now, he realized, the moment was fast approaching. It is always darkest before the dawn. CIA field agent Turner Simkins was perched on the strut of the Sikorsky helicopter as it touched down on the frosty grass. He leaped off, joined by his men, and immediately waved the chopper back up into the air to keep an eye on all the exits. Nobody leaves this building. As the chopper rose back into the night sky, Simkins and his team ran up the stairs to the cathedral's main entrance. Before he could decide which of the six doors to pound on, one of them swung open. â€Å"Yes?† a calm voice said from the shadows. Simkins could barely make out the hunched figure in priest's robes. â€Å"Are you Dean Colin Galloway?† â€Å"I am,† the old man replied. â€Å"I'm looking for Robert Langdon. Have you seen him?† The old man stepped forward now, staring past Simkins with eerie blank eyes. â€Å"Now, wouldn't that be a miracle.† CHAPTER 88 Time is running out. Security analyst Nola Kaye was already on edge, and the third mug of coffee she was now drinking had begun coursing through her like an electric current. No word yet from Sato. Finally, her phone rang, and Nola leaped on it. â€Å"OS,† she answered. â€Å"Nola here.† â€Å"Nola, it's Rick Parrish in systems security.† Nola slumped. No Sato. â€Å"Hi, Rick. What can I do for you?† â€Å"I wanted to give you a heads-up–our department may have information relevant to what you're working on tonight.† Nola set down her coffee. How the hell do you know what I'm working on tonight? â€Å"I beg your pardon?† â€Å"Sorry, it's the new CI program we're beta-testing,† Parrish said. â€Å"It keeps flagging your workstation number.† Nola now realized what he was talking about. The Agency was currently running a new piece of â€Å"collaborative integration† software designed to provide real-time alerts to disparate CIA departments when they happened to be processing related data fields. In an era of time-sensitive terrorist threats, the key to thwarting disaster was often as simple as a heads-up telling you that the guy down the hall was analyzing the very data you needed. As far as Nola was concerned, this CI software had proven more of a distraction than any real help–constant interruption software, she called it. â€Å"Right, I forgot,† Nola said. â€Å"What have you got?† She was positive that nobody else in the building knew about this crisis, much less could be working on it. The only computer work Nola had done tonight was historical research for Sato on esoteric Masonic topics. Nonetheless, she was obliged to play the game. â€Å"Well, it's probably nothing,† Parrish said, â€Å"but we stopped a hacker tonight, and the CI program keeps suggesting I share the information with you.† A hacker? Nola sipped her coffee. â€Å"I'm listening.† â€Å"About an hour ago,† Parrish said, â€Å"we snagged a guy named Zoubianis trying to access a file on one of our internal databases. This guy claims it was a job for hire and that he has no idea why he was being paid to access this particular file or even that it was on a CIA server.† â€Å"Okay.† â€Å"We finished questioning him, and he's clean. But here's the weird thing–the same file he was targeting had been flagged earlier tonight by an internal search engine. It looks like someone piggybacked into our system, ran a specific keyword search, and generated a redaction. The thing is, the keywords they used are really strange. And there's one in particular that the CI flagged as a high-priority match–one that's unique to both of our data sets.† He paused. â€Å"Do you know the word . . . symbolon?† Nola jolted upright, spilling coffee on her desk. â€Å"The other keywords are just as unusual,† Parrish continued. â€Å"Pyramid, portal–â€Å" â€Å"Get down here,† Nola commanded, mopping up her desk. â€Å"And bring everything you've got!† â€Å"These words actually mean something to you?† â€Å"NOW!† CHAPTER 89 Cathedral College is an elegant, castlelike edifice located adjacent to the National Cathedral. The College of Preachers, as it was originally envisioned by the first Episcopal bishop of Washington, was founded to provide ongoing education for clergy after their ordination. Today, the college offers a wide variety of programs on theology, global justice, healing, and spirituality. Langdon and Katherine had made the dash across the lawn and used Galloway's key to slip inside just as the helicopter rose back over the cathedral, its floodlights turning night back into day. Now, standing breathless inside the foyer, they surveyed their surroundings. The windows provided sufficient illumination, and Langdon saw no reason to turn the lights on and take a chance of broadcasting their whereabouts to the helicopter overhead. As they moved down the central hallway, they passed a series of conference halls, classrooms, and sitting areas. The interior reminded Langdon of the neo-Gothic buildings of Yale University–breathtaking on the outside, and yet surprisingly utilitarian on the inside, their period elegance having been retrofitted to endure heavy foot traffic. â€Å"Down here,† Katherine said, motioning toward the far end of the hall. Katherine had yet to share with Langdon her new revelation regarding the pyramid, but apparently the reference to Isaacus Neutonuus had sparked it. All she had said as they crossed the lawn was that the pyramid could be transformed using simple science. Everything she needed, she believed, could probably be found in this building. Langdon had no idea what she needed or how Katherine intended to transform a solid piece of granite or gold, but considering he had just witnessed a cube metamorphose into a Rosicrucian cross, he was willing to have faith. They reached the end of the hall and Katherine frowned, apparently not seeing what she wanted. â€Å"You said this building has dormitory facilities?† â€Å"Yes, for residential conferences.† â€Å"So they must have a kitchen in here somewhere, right?† â€Å"You're hungry?† She frowned back at him. â€Å"No, I need a lab.† Of course you do. Langdon spotted a descending staircase that bore a promising symbol. America's favorite pictogram. The basement kitchen was industrial looking–lots of stainless steel and big bowls–clearly designed to cook for large groups. The kitchen had no windows. Katherine closed the door and flipped on the lights. The exhaust fans came on automatically. She began rooting around in the cupboards for whatever it was she needed. â€Å"Robert,† she directed, â€Å"put the pyramid out on the island, if you would.† Feeling like the novice sous chef taking orders from Daniel Boulud, Langdon did as he was told, removing the pyramid from his bag and placing the gold capstone on top of it. When he finished, Katherine was busy filling an enormous pot with hot tap water. â€Å"Would you please lift this to the stove for me?† Langdon heaved the sloshing pot onto the stove as Katherine turned on the gas burner and cranked up the flame. â€Å"Are we doing lobsters?† he asked hopefully. â€Å"Very funny. No, we're doing alchemy. And for the record, this is a pasta pot, not a lobster pot.† She pointed to the perforated strainer insert that she had removed from the pot and placed on the island beside the pyramid. Silly me. â€Å"And boiling pasta is going to help us decipher the pyramid?† Katherine ignored the comment, her tone turning serious. â€Å"As I'm sure you know, there is a historical and symbolic reason the Masons chose thirty-three as their highest degree.† â€Å"Of course,† Langdon said. In the days of Pythagoras, six centuries before Christ, the tradition of numerology hailed the number 33 as the highest of all the Master Numbers. It was the most sacred figure, symbolizing Divine Truth. The tradition lived on within the Masons . . . and elsewhere. It was no coincidence that Christians were taught that Jesus was crucified at age thirty-three, despite no real historical evidence to that effect. Nor was it coincidence that Joseph was said to have been thirty-three when he married the Virgin Mary, or that Jesus accomplished thirty-three miracles, or that God's name was mentioned thirty-three times in Genesis, or that, in Islam, all the dwellers of heaven were permanently thirty-three years old. â€Å"Thirty-three,† Katherine said, â€Å"is a sacred number in many mystical traditions.† â€Å"Correct.† Langdon still had no idea what this had to do with a pasta pot. â€Å"So it should come as no surprise to you that an early alchemist, Rosicrucian, and mystic like Isaac Newton also considered the number thirty-three special.† â€Å"I'm sure he did,† Langdon replied. â€Å"Newton was deep into numerology, prophecy, and astrology, but what does–â€Å" â€Å"All is revealed at the thirty-third degree.† Langdon pulled Peter's ring from his pocket and read the inscription. Then he glanced back at the pot of water. â€Å"Sorry, you lost me.† â€Å"Robert, earlier tonight, we all assumed `thirty-third degree' referred to the Masonic degree, and yet when we rotated that ring thirty-three degrees, the cube transformed and revealed a cross. At that moment, we realized the word degree was being used in another sense.† â€Å"Yes. Degrees of arc.† â€Å"Exactly. But degree has a third meaning as well.† Langdon eyed the pot of water on the stove. â€Å"Temperature.† â€Å"Exactly!† she said. â€Å"It was right in front of us all night. `All is revealed at the thirty-third degree.' If we bring this pyramid's temperature to thirty-three degrees . . . it may just reveal something.† Langdon knew Katherine Solomon was exceptionally bright, and yet she seemed to be missing a rather obvious point. â€Å"If I'm not mistaken, thirty-three degrees is almost freezing. Shouldn't we be putting the pyramid in the freezer?† Katherine smiled. â€Å"Not if we want to follow the recipe written by the great alchemist and Rosicrucian mystic who signed his papers Jeova Sanctus Unus.† Isaacus Neutonuus wrote recipes? â€Å"Robert, temperature is the fundamental alchemical catalyst, and it was not always measured in Fahrenheit and Celsius. There are far older temperature scales, one of them invented by Isaac–â€Å" â€Å"The Newton Scale!† Langdon said, realizing she was right. â€Å"Yes! Isaac Newton invented an entire system of quantifying temperature based entirely on natural phenomena. The temperature of melting ice was Newton's base point, and he called it `the zeroth degree.' † She paused. â€Å"I suppose you can guess what degree he assigned the temperature of boiling water–the king of all alchemical processes?† â€Å"Thirty-three.† â€Å"Yes, thirty-three! The thirty-third degree. On the Newton Scale, the temperature of boiling water is thirty-three degrees. I remember asking my brother once why Newton chose that number. I mean, it seemed so random. Boiling water is the most fundamental alchemical process, and he chose thirty-three? Why not a hundred? Why not something more elegant? Peter explained that, to a mystic like Isaac Newton, there was no number more elegant than thirty- three.† All is revealed at the thirty-third degree. Langdon glanced at the pot of water and then over at the pyramid. â€Å"Katherine, the pyramid is made out of solid granite and solid gold. Do you really think boiling water is hot enough to transform it?† The smile on her face told Langdon that Katherine knew something he did not know. Confidently, she walked over to the island, lifted the gold-capped, granite pyramid, and set it in the strainer. Then she carefully lowered it into the bubbling water. â€Å"Let's find out, shall we?† High above the National Cathedral, the CIA pilot locked the helicopter in auto-hover mode and surveyed the perimeter of the building and the grounds. No movement. His thermal imaging couldn't penetrate the cathedral stone, and so he couldn't tell what the team was doing inside, but if anyone tried to slip out, the thermal would pick it up. It was sixty seconds later that a thermal sensor pinged. Working on the same principle as home- security systems, the detector had identified a strong temperature differential. Usually this meant a human form moving through a cool space, but what appeared on the monitor was more of a thermal cloud, a patch of hot air drifting across the lawn. The pilot found the source, an active vent on the side of Cathedral College. Probably nothing, he thought. He saw these kinds of gradients all the time. Someone cooking or doing laundry. As he was about to turn away, though, he realized something odd. There were no cars in the parking lot and no lights on anywhere in the building. He studied the UH-60's imaging system for a long moment. Then he radioed down to his team leader. â€Å"Simkins, it's probably nothing, but . . .† â€Å"Incandescent temperature indicator!† Langdon had to admit, it was clever. â€Å"It's simple science,† Katherine said. â€Å"Different substances incandesce at different temperatures. We call them thermal markers. Science uses these markers all the time.† Langdon gazed down at the submerged pyramid and capstone. Wisps of steam were beginning to curl over the bubbling water, although he was not feeling hopeful. He glanced at his watch, and his heart rate accelerated: 11:45 P.M. â€Å"You believe something here will luminesce as it heats up?† â€Å"Not luminesce, Robert. Incandesce. There's a big difference. Incandescence is caused by heat, and it occurs at a specific temperature. For example, when steel manufacturers temper beams, they spray a grid on them with a transparent coating that incandesces at a specific target temperature so they know when the beams are done. Think of a mood ring. Just put it on your finger, and it changes color from body heat.† â€Å"Katherine, this pyramid was built in the 1800s! I can understand a craftsman making hidden release hinges in a stone box, but applying some kind of transparent thermal coating?† â€Å"Perfectly feasible,† she said, glancing hopefully at the submerged pyramid. â€Å"The early alchemists used organic phosphors all the time as thermal markers. The Chinese made colored fireworks, and even the Egyptians–† Katherine stopped midsentence, staring intently into the roiling water. â€Å"What?† Langdon followed her gaze into the turbulent water but saw nothing at all. Katherine leaned in, staring more intently into the water. Suddenly she turned and ran across the kitchen toward the door. â€Å"Where are you going?† Langdon shouted. She slid to a stop at the kitchen light switch, flipped it off. The lights and exhaust fan went off, plunging the room into total darkness and silence. Langdon turned back to the pyramid and peered through the steam at the capstone beneath the water. By the time Katherine made it back to his side, his mouth had fallen open in disbelief. Exactly as Katherine had predicted, a small section of the metal capstone was starting to glow beneath the water. Letters were starting to appear, and they were getting brighter as the water heated up. â€Å"Text!† Katherine whispered. Langdon nodded, dumbstruck. The glowing words were materializing just beneath the engraved inscription on the capstone. It looked like only three words, and although Langdon could not yet read what the words said, he wondered if they would unveil everything they had been looking for tonight. The pyramid is a real map, Galloway had told them, and it points to a real location. As the letters shone brighter, Katherine turned off the gas, and the water slowly stopped churning. The capstone now came into focus beneath the water's calm surface. Three shining words were clearly legible.