Database Design Draw Diagram

Questions: 1.Use the symbols as prescribed in your unit-textbook to draw the ER diagram for the above case study? 2.Provide assumptions and business rules relevant to your ERD? 3.Map your Entity Relationship diagram into relations and make sure that all the relations are in 3NF. Provide all the relations in the following format? Answers: The aim of this report is to present the conceptual model and logical design for the database for the CQMC. The ER Diagram The ER diagram is given below. It represents the conceptual data model diagram for the business process of CQMC. Assumptions and Business Rules The business rules are, Each patient can make more than one appointment. Each appointment is related to a patient. Each patient can have zero or more past medication history data. Each medical history is related to a patient. Each patient can have zero or more current medicine usage. Each current medicine usage record will be related to a patient. Each medicine can have more than one current medicine usages. Each current medicine usage record will be related to a medicine. Each general practitioner or GP can give reference to multiple patients. Each reference will be related to a patient. Each patient can have zero or more reference. Each reference will be for a patient. Each specialist can have multiple qualification. Each qualification can have multiple specialists. Each appointment will be for a specialist. Each specialist can have multiple appointments. Each appointment can have multiple consultation sessions. Each consultation session will be covered by an appointment. Each appointment can have multiple procedures. Each procedure can be a part of multiple individual appointments. Each reference is added to one or more consultation. Each consultation is related to a reference. Each appointment must have a payment. Each payment is related to an appointment. Some of the assumptions made for the ER diagram are listed as, The data about a general practitioner is collected only when he/she refers at least one patient to CQMC. Data about a medicine is stored even if no patient takes it. Data about qualification is recorded only when there is at least one specialist for that qualification. Data about a specialist is recorded only when there is at least one appointment for the specialist. Data about the produces are kept irrespective of its application on patients. All M:N relationships are broken down into multiple 1:M and 1:N relationships. Suitable primary keys and attributes are added to the ER diagram. Logical Design The relations in the logical design satisfying the conditions of 3NF, are listed as, GP (MPN, fullName, clinicAddress, contactNumber, email) MedicalHistory (patientID, date, surgeryDetails) foreign key (patientID) references Patient(patientID) Patient (patientID, fullName, geneder, dob, fullAddress, contactNumber, email, otherDetails) Medicine (medicineID, medicineName, usedFor) CurrentMedicine (medicineID, patientID, dosage, startDate) foreign key (medicineID) references Medicine(medicineID) foreign key (patientID) references Patient(patientID) Reference (MPN, patientID, referralReason, dateReferral) foreign key (patientID) references Patient(patientID) foreign key (MPN) references GP(MPN) Consultation (apptID, consultationDate, consultationTime, consultationDetails, consultationCharge, MPN, patientID, prescriptionDetails) foreign key (apptID) references Appointment(apptID) foreign key (patientID) references Reference(patientID) foreign key (MPN) references Reference (MPN) Qualification (qualificationID, qualificationTitle, qualificationDetails) Specialist (specialistID, specialistName, specialization, contactNumber, email, discount, reasonDiscount) SpecialistQualification (specialistID, qualificationID, dateCertification) foreign key (specialistID) references Specialist (specialistID) foreign key (qualificationID) references Qualification (qualificationID) Appointment (apptID, apptDate, apptTime, totalCharge, specialistID, patientID) foreign key (specialistID) references Specialist (specialistID) foreign key (patientID) references Patient(patientID) Procedure (procedureID, procedureTitle, procedureCharge, procedureDetails) AppointmentProcedure (apptID, procedureID, datePerformed) foreign key (apptID) references Appointment(apptID) foreign key (procedureID) references Procedure (procedureID) Payment (apptID, discount, billedAmount, datePayment) foreign key (apptID) references Appointment(apptID) References CORONEL, C. MORRIS, S. 2016. Database Systems: Design, Implementation, Management, Cengage Learning. HOFFER, J. A., VENKATARAMAN, R. TOPI, H. 2016. Modern Database Management, Pearson Education, Limited.

Organizational Behavior case free essay sample

Kara out of courtesy added her office boss as her facebook friend but soon her boss started to interfere in her personal life. Kara had to leave her job when her boss started manipulating her work hours through her personal information. Bullies, a common fact in elementary schools, have entered in workplaces too. Both male and female bosses bully their employees. Most of the time, the bullied employees either remain silent or leave their job. In these cases, coworkers are not helpful and often blame the victims thinking they deserve it. Sometimes bosses think bullying makes the employees to do their job more effectively and they think fear of being bullied motivate them to perform better. But actually it has the opposite effects. The bullied employees are less motivated to perform extra-role or citizenship behavior or speak positively about the organization. Question Answer Q. How does workplace bullying violate the rules of organizational justice? Answer: There are three main organizational justices such as Distributive Justice, Procedural Justice and Interactional Justice. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Behavior case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The theories of justices are created to make the workplace an effective and a pleasant place, where everyone treated as the same fairness. For instance: Interactional justice concerns fairness of how individuals treat one another not only when resources are distributed but in everyday interactions, as well. However, workplace bullying is the opposite side of interactional justice: Persistent, offensive, abusive, intimidating or insulting behaviors, abuse of power or unfair penal sanctions which makes the recipient feel upset, threatened, humiliated or vulnerable, which undermines their self-confidence and which may cause them to suffer stress Based upon theories we can say that workplace bullying violate the rules of organizational justice by avoiding interactional justice in organizations. Q. What aspects of motivation might workplace bullying reduce? For example, are there likely to be effects on employee’s self efficacy? If so, what might those effects be? Answer: Workplace bullying may reduce an employee’s esteem, safety and security, and self actualization according to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Workplace bullying can also affect one’s self efficacy. An employee with low self efficacy, when bullied, can experience a decline in their already low self efficacy which may decrease his/her need for achievement, need for power, and need for affiliation based on McClelland’s theory of needs. There are not too many people, which if they are being bullied would want to achieve a new position, attain power, or even want to belong to such a company where other employee’s are bullies. Q. If you were a victim of workplace bullying, what steps would you take to try to reduce its occurrence? What strategies would be most effective? What strategies might be ineffective? What would you do if one of your colleagues was a victim of an abusive supervisor? Answer: If I were a victim of workplace bullying, I would first approach my bully and inform him/her of the inappropriate behavior. If the behavior continued and the bully was not management, then I would go to management and let them know there is a problem. If the bully was a part of management, I would seek help from the special groups in most companies that are dedicated to unfair behavior within the company. If the company had no such group, I would do the opposite of what the bully expects my reaction to be. I think going to the special group would be effective, but if there is no such group then going to management would be the next best thing. Retaliation and confrontation would not be effective strategies. There would be nothing worse than having workplace bullying turn into workplace violence. I would help a colleague who is or was victims of an abusive supervisor seek the necessary help in the most effective manner. Q. What factors do you believe contribute to workplace bullying? Are bullies a product of the situation, or are they flawed personalities? What situations and what personality factors might contribute to the presence of bullies? Answer: Insecurity, lack of confidence, and low self esteem are a few factors that could contribute to workplace bullying. Authoritarian personalities are driven by the fear of being weak and summarized them as people with a blind belief in authority and readiness to attack those who are regarded as weak or as socially acceptable as victims. An employee who may be insecure or threatened about loss of his/her position may resort to bullying. Within a negative social climate, low satisfaction with leadership was found to be an organizational feature strongly identified with bullying. An employee with low confidence and low self esteem may find an outlet to deal with these issues by bullying others. Bullies are both products of situation and flawed personalities. Bullying is the result of negative and stressful working environment. Sometimes the work is too much stressful for the bosses so they bully their subordinates to get rid of the stress and sometimes it is their twisted personality that contributes to the presence of workplace bullying.

19 Halloween Costumes for College Guys

19 Halloween Costumes for College Guys With Halloween just around the corner, everyone is making the all-important choice about what to wear this year. For college guys, this isnt easy. That is why we have prepared a list of 20 Halloween Costumes for College Guys that will make you stand out at your next Halloween party! 1. The Where’s Waldo Costume You cant go wrong with a recognizable costume like Where’s Waldo. It is familiar, fun, and requires a very simple striped shirt, blue jeans, and matching beanie. You will have a blast hiding in plain sight at any Halloween party! Image credit: Pinterest 2. The Chick Magnet Costume Meeting girls this Halloween wont be a problem when you dress up as a â€Å"chick magnet.† Ask yourself, who doesnt love a huge magnet? Making this one on your own is pretty simple. Just a few pieces of cardboard, some paint, and a trip to the store for some adorable little plastic chicks to stick on the ends. Image credit: Pinterest 3. The Spartan Costume (Created From Beer Cartons) The movie â€Å"300† inspired a whole generation of college guys to dress up as Spartans. Now in 2018, a traditional Spartan costume has become a bit basic. When not make your own out of your favorite beer cans and cartons like the guy below. The instructions are easy to follow and you can use any of your favorite beer packaging for shields, swords, and helmets. THIS IS HALLOWEEN!! Image credit: Pinterest 4. The One Night Stand Costume Nothing makes a better conversation starter than a funny costume. This literal version of the common college phrase â€Å"one night stand† is the perfect way to break the ice at any Halloween party. Making it is easy and you can get pretty clever with the items you keep on top of it. Image credit: Pinterest 5. The Tinder Profile Costume Chances are that you want to meet someone special this Halloween. Why stress over a costume that attracts people when you already have a way to connect? Going as your own Tinder profile gives people you want to meet the chance to swipe left or right in person. Who knows, maybe you’ll find a match this Halloween! Image credit: Pinterest 6. The Twister Board Costume Playing on nostalgia is a grand tradition of Halloween and going as al all-time-favorite board game is a great way to stand out at your next Halloween party. This Twister costume, for example, gives you a fun and colorful costume that you can use to get twisted up into the Halloween spirit! Image credit: Pinterest 7. The â€Å"50 Shades Of Grey† Costume Everyone loves a good play on words. Especially when it comes to the steamy romantic fiction novel 50 Shades of Grey. While the subject matter of the book might not be appropriate for every Halloween festivity, putting a twist on the costume can be fun and creative. Consider what this guy did below by going to your local hardware or paint store and grabbing every sample of grey you can find so you can tape it to your body. You can even make a fancy hat! Image credit: Pinterest 8. The Ball Pit Costume This costume is a bit on the nose but hilarious and creative nonetheless. Dressing up as everyone’s favorite place to play as a kid the ball pit gives you the chance to let people get â€Å"interactive† with your costume. Making your own requires some suspenders, a basket, and a whole lotta balls. Image credit: Pinterest 9. The Lumberjack Costume From Paul Bunyan to Mr. Brawny, it’s safe to say that everyone loves a lumberjack. There is just something about a man that can survive on his own in the wilderness that makes him immediately magnetic and charming. Dressing up as one for Halloween is sure to make you a party favorite. This costume is one of the easiest on the list to make for yourself. You just need a flannel t-shirt, suspenders, an ax or hatchet, and boots. Image credit: Pinterest 10. The Missing Person On A Milk Carton Costume If you dont have the time to come up with a full head to toe costume, then we suggest working on the head. This missing persons milk carton costume is an easy way to join in on the Halloween celebration without having to put too much effort into a full costume. Moving boxes are perfect for making your own milk box. Image credit: Pinterest 11. The Error Costume Not Found Costume Halloween may be one of the most popular holidays in the USA, but not everyone wants to get into the spirit of it. But that doesnt mean they cant at least participateor at least let people know they arent participating. If you arent a fan of Halloween but dont want the ridicule of not dressing up for the party you are going to, consider a clever costume like the guy below that reads â€Å"Error 404. Costume Not Found.† At least people will know you tried. Image credit: Pinterest 12. The Sexy Fireman Costume Women arent the only ones who can turn a normal costume into a sexy one. If Halloween is more about showing off your body, then you cant go wrong with this sexy fireman costume. It is basically the same as a regular fireman costume but with no shirt, six-pack abs, and a charming smile. Image credit: Pinterest 13. The Top Gun Costume Show everyone at your next Halloween party how sexy and dangerous you can be with a classic Top Gun costume. It is easy to make yourself and really only requires some military patches, dog tags, aviator sunglasses, and a cool slick hairdo! Image credit: Pinterest 14. The Boy Scout Costume In college, you might find a new use for your old boy scout uniform. Why not make it this year’s Halloween costume. The hilarity of a full grown man in a childs uniform is sure to make you a hit at this years Halloween party. You can even add new badges for beer pong, procrastination, and pizza eating! Image credit: Pinterest 15. The Aladdin Costume A Halloween costume can be hard to choose. But with the Aladdin Costume from the hit Disney movie, you’ll have a fun and familiar way to celebrate Halloween this year. Make your own and accent it with details like a flying carpet, magic lamp, and toy monkey on your back. Image credit: Pinterest 16. The Inmate Costume Take a page from the hit series â€Å"Orange Is The New Black† and dress up like a prison inmate for Halloween this year. Its an easy costume that just requires a jumpsuit and a black marker. You can even add details like shackles, tattoos, and tin cups. Image credit: halloweencostumes.com 17. The Jager Bomb Costume It is a well-known fact that drinking and college seem to go hand in hand. Why not capitalize on that this Halloween and go as one of college students’ all-time favorite shots: The Jager Bomb. Image credit: Pinterest 18. The Shining Costume It is often said that â€Å"Imitation is the best form of flattery.† Nothing could be truer of your favorite novels and books. So why not show how much you love your favorite works of literature like the guy below who has taken a page from The Shining. The added benefit is that you can let everyone know you have arrived to the party by walking into the room and yelling, â€Å"HERES JOHNNY!† Image credit: Pinterest 19. The Deadmau5 Costume If you love Halloween but hate socializing at parties, then this DeadMau5 costume is the perfect solution to your social anxiety. The iconic mouse head of this famous Canadian DJ and producer has a spooky and fun vibe to it that will fit right in with the spirit of Halloween. Making it is easy! Image credit: Pinterest Guys, you’ll have no excuse this year for showing up to your college Halloween bash without a costume! These fun costume ideas are sure to make you the hit of the party. And if you need even more ideas, check out this post with Halloween costume ideas!

My next level of writing Essay Example

My next level of writing Essay Example My next level of writing Essay My next level of writing Essay Name Course Instructor Date My next level of writing Writing is a key component of language. Writing is also instrumental in the expression of language. My learning experience has formed the basis of understanding writing and the key aspects it entails. I have also undergone through various basic levels of writing. The learning process through group discussions and assignments has developed my ability to express language through writing. The next level of writing will integrate these aspects in order to broaden my perspective in writing. The previous levels of writing have been a resource in the development of my writing skills. Every writing assignment was invaluable in sharpening my writing skills. Even though the experience in journal entry proved to be difficult at first, continued support from class discussions have assisted me in understanding various journal entries. In addition, I took the initiative to practice and read from other assignments through the internet and books. I am now conversant with writing in relation to journal entries. I have also improved on making various accounts for journal entries. The class quizzes are also a necessary intellectual challenge that has boosted my abilities in grammar and the application of various words in writing. Though I did not perform well in the initial sets of quizzes, the errors were corrected and the consecutive quizzes have marked considerable improvement. Class participation and discussion offer a distinct view from my writing experience. Participating in class helps me to correct my writing mistakes. This is because the instructor not only identifies the mistake I have made but also tells me why I am wrong. In addition, I am able to understand the concept further. Class participation also forms a system of support as the instructor identifies my strengths and weaknesses. Through this, I am able to work on my mistakes through reading and practice. The systematic approach undertaken in class participation also helps to have an extensive and detailed approach toward the learning process. The inclusive approach in classroom participation has also helped me in the learning process. Classroom activities have been essential in my writing development. I have been successful in sentence fluency. This is because of the practical classroom activities that encourage us to speak fluent English in order to improve fluency. I have also learnt to create proper sentence structures that can be applied in writing. The activities also aid in the process of sentence construction. With the improved sentence structure, my paragraphs are also well structured. These skills and activities should be carried forward to the next stage of writing in order to boost our writing capabilities. The next writing level should integrate classroom activities from previous stages particularly the use of voice and style. The use of dialogue to organize ideas is important in essay writing. The activities also help to show variations and the use of language relating to various environments. These environments are mainly formal and informal. Understanding the different environments and writing templates for both formal and informal arenas will be beneficial for college. This is because college courses require various formalities and understanding the difference in class will make it easy to integrate the current writing skills and methodologies. This is particularly essential for research papers and reports. Libraries are resourceful in helping students learn and conduct research. The assignments and quizzes required extensive research and the use of various books to expound on the designated work. In order for us to effectively and efficiently use the library, we were offered key library instructions. This is especially in relation to the presentation of the librarian. Without the assistance of the librarian, I would not have the ability to properly access reference books. The explanation on the various types of books and book sections has helped me in my research papers in ensuring that I have the appropriate sources. The approach of class activities and assignments integrated a system of collaboration among students. Therefore, we were able to review and asses the work done by peers. Reviewing the essays of peers also aids in correcting common mistakes and identify individual weaknesses. We have been able to work together and understand the various writing styles. We also work together to offer assistance in our areas of weakness. Through collaborative approach, we also undertake research and reading various books that are important in our writing course. In addition, we review previous topics and practice writing methodologies. We also undertake brief exercises in order to understand the next level of writing. Therefore, we are able to have before hand knowledge of the new topic and less constraints in understanding the concepts. In conclusion, the previous writing levels and classes have proven to be essential in my writing development. I have been able to improve my attitude towards writing and the various elements it entails. I am able to implement the writing fundamentals such as sentence structure, capitalization, paragraph structure, proofreading and self-editing to formulate an enticing writing piece. These elements will be instrumental in my next level of writing.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 25

Case Study - Essay Example Integrating with another company allowed Wal-Mart to gain retail facilities and employees quickly, which saved time  and prevented lost profit. Additionally, it eliminated competition by doing business first with its competitors. This brought Wal-Mart time to gain excellent position in the market while avoiding tough competition with established retailers, which could result in huge losses for the â€Å"newcomer.† Once Wal-Mart opens its own stores, it employs its classic â€Å"pile ‘em high, sell ‘em cheap† strategy, which has a universal appeal to consumers. This strategy worked best at times of recession and in emerging markets since it is when and where buyers want to make the most out of their money. Because of its extensive reach and strong customer patronage, Wal-Mart virtually controls what goes into the households in the areas it dominates. Fears that Wal-Mart is becoming â€Å"too powerful† have been roared by activists and sufficiently echoed by the media. Many companies, producers, and buyers are afraid that Wal-Mart will soon be monopolizing the global retail market. Hence, activists and the media, backed by producers and retailers, are strengthening their opposition to Wal-Mart. Also, some retailers in Mexico, who were previously competitors, have begun collaborating to match the giant retailer. Yet the greatest challenge for Wal-Mart is the possibility that consumers may share the fears for a â€Å"too powerful† retailer. This fear could easily spread as many shops have already shut down as a result of Wal-Mart’s presence. In 2001, Wal-Mart earned more than three times that of its strongest competitor. However, the figures are not indicative of global performance since much of its revenue comes from North America. Considering its U.S. performance, it has fared badly internationally, particularly in countries which are drastically different

Gezi Park Protests in Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gezi Park Protests in Turkey - Essay Example Therefore, the governments construction plan at Gezi Park was like the last straw that broke the people’s patience thus releasing all the pent up emotions they felt Although the protest started as a sit-in in the Gezi Park, the brutal force with which the government uses to evict the participant precipitated a widespread protest in other areas. The incident provided an opportunity for the people to express their anger not only about the treatment of those in Gezi Park, but in other spheres where the government had introduced controversial laws like not kissing in public, authoritarianism and curbs on alcohol. Consequently, the protests were not about these issues but about the government and its policies over the years. As the confrontation between the demonstrators and the people developed, the participant was bottling their anger, which had been growing over the years (Mullen & Cullinane) The reasons why the sit-in at Gezi Park erupted and became uncontrollable can be blamed on several factors chief of which being the brutal force used by the police force that t=had entered the park to end the sit-in. The first days of Taksim Gezi Protests before interruption by the police force was peaceful in the history of the protests. ... Of course this reflected the government’s attitude that had been going on for years where the people were not let to express themselves and any effort to express contrary opinion that was not in favor of the government was quashed with the most brutal force. The police could be seen by those watching from television at home attempting to burn the protestors’ tents down. Those that were watching from other places some of whom did not care about the devilment plan at Gezi Park were brought into the protest as they could relate to how the police treated the participants to other government injustices over the years. Effectively, police brutality stretched the extent of the political sphere of the protest that now included other areas apart from environmental concern (Ozcan 396). Further, the brutal force also made the protestors to shift from peaceful mode of expressing themselves to a violent one that involved Molotov cocktail since they now realized that force could only be mate by an equal force (Mullen  and  Cullinane). The Prime Minister’s rhetoric also acted as a catalyst to the protests given his stance and attitude towards the protestors. From the beginning of the protests, the prime minister viewed the protests as a coup against him in addition to the pejorative rhetoric to the protestors in his reference to them as looters. Instead of making efforts to appease the protestors by taking steps that would be viewed as increasing the people’s democratic space, through establishment of channels of communication, he blatantly criticized the protestors as serving the interests of foreign powers and international investors. Additionally, instead of moving to appease the environmentalists, the prime minister emphasized on the environmental conservation

The Idea of the American Dream Essay Example for Free

The Idea of the American Dream Essay What is the American Dream? Is it even attainable for the average citizen? Everyone has their own opinions on how they view the American dream. It can be different for almost everyone when you take into consideration their gender, age, nationality, and the transition of this idea between each generation. Can we obtain this dream by having a big house, luxury items, a non dysfunctional family, and the perfect job one would never complain about? Or is it simply what our nation is told by authorities such as parent figures and the media? Most people would consider this fantasy as the perfect life which, most comprehend as going to college, getting a good job, making a family, and having more money than needed. This idea of the so called perfect life is thought of as the universal dream for Americans. This dream is thought of as the pursuit of happiness, but this idea is no longer a selfless goal. Instead, the pursuit of happiness has transitioned into a self-serving fantasy for most Americans. This transition of the American dream has caused most people in this nation to lose focus on what is really important in our lives and brainwashed us to believe the allusion that possessing material items will bring us happiness. Many immigrants who reside in America have the idea that the American dream is escaping poverty and simply living a better life, while other immigrants and main stream American society view America as a place of opportunity to become more successful financially. The idea of the American dream and the pursuit of happiness may be universal for mature Americans, but completely different for other types of people according to their age, gender, nationality, and historic generation. People who were the supporters of their families over 50 years ago had only one idea of happiness, and that idea was a goal to make sure their was food on the table and a roof over their heads. That simple dream no longer exists in the majority of America. Now the type of happiness is different between age and gender. People of different ages have different desires. As people get older their needs are not as materialistic to a degree, but more focused on what makes them comfortable. When they mature they realize that materialistic items are a waste of money and focus more on how they should spend their money more wisely on things that could actually benefit their needs such as health care. Their happiness comes from feeling secure and comfortable. Although a child may not realize what the American dream is, they live it. They focus on what new toys they are going to get whereas adults focus more on their career. Men and women also view the American dream differently. For many men it’s more about ego, having the â€Å"macho† image, and driving the hot car. Men want to have a certain image that every other man would desire to have. . On the other hand, many women who have children are more focused on how they look as a mother. They want to be seen as the perfect mother with the smartest and most talented children. Aside from those ideas of the pursuit of happiness, people from different countries have the most legitimate idea of the American dream. The idea of the pursuit of happiness is an altered dream for those of different ethnicities and those who are born in America. Michael Schudson states that, â€Å"[i]mmigrants have an American dream knowing hardly anything of the US—except that they will find opportunity there, abundance and a chance to share in it† (1). They view the American dream as an opportunity to enhance their style of living, become a free independent person, and have equal opportunities. It allows them the opportunity to achieve more prosperity than they could in their countries of origin. Whereas, those who are born in America have a completely different understanding of what the American dream is. This dream to American society is making money so we can buy things that we think will make us happy. A clear example of this difference in comprehension of the American dream is provided by Raymund A. Paredes. He explains that, â€Å"Mexico has always been a poor and underdeveloped land where the evolution of a national myth of abundance and well-being would be unthinkable. On both sides of the border, writers of Mexican blood have dreamed not of wealth but only of relief from relentless poverty† (Paredes 71). To him and people of his culture, the true America dream is not in being able to buy unnecessary gadgets, but what really brings them happiness is to simply live a more comfortable and worry-free life. Parents are teaching their children a false sense of happiness by telling them they need money so they can have whatever they want in life. Many parents view America as the opportunity for their children to group up with an education and career opportunities. They will dedicate their lives to make sure their children will have a better childhood than they did themselves. In most cases they will also push their children to go to college so their children will be successful and have the money to buy the luxury items they are unable to afford. Education, for the most part, determines a persons job opportunities and level of income. It has become an understanding that without an education the idea of the American Dream seems to be out of reach. Education has become one of the central institutions in making the American Dream a reality. In the essay â€Å"What is Happiness? † a valid point is proven when the author John Ciardi explains that â€Å"We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want† (Ciardi 293). The true meaning of being successful is to be able to support a family and not worry about making ends meet with the next pay check. This is a noble goal indeed, but the fact of the matter is that, subconsciously or not, people want money to buy whatever they want which they believe will bring them happiness. The sole reason for most people to get a college education is to make a lot of money when they achieve their degree in a desired discipline. Is happiness really the result of having a lot of money? Ultimately, the American dream has to be achieved from one’s own personal motivations. Other’s motivations may create a false layer of make-up to another, but in reality no one else’s motivations can take the place of a person’s own. Motivations can be brought upon by a variety of different sources such as parents, background, and the medias influence on American society. For example, â€Å"children of [Korean] immigrants perceive their parents; of what these immigrants do not say [†¦] and of what their children leave out and simply refer to as a ‘typical Korean thing to do’ or a characteristic of ‘typical Korean parents,’ assuming that the knowledge is so common that there is no need to explain it. I came to the conclusion that, in common with American mainstream society and many other immigrant minorities who share the ‘American Dream,’ Korean immigrants consider money and prestige the criteria for success. However, it is when one understands that, for Korean-American immigrant parents, prestige is synonymous with the academic achievement of their children† (Kim 228). As a child of a Korean-American parent I can relate to this passage. Korean parents are known to push their children to do better than the average student which is an example of the â€Å"typical Korean parents. † Korean parents motivate their children to exceed excellence because of the opportunity they were unable to receive as children in Korea. With the unlimited opportunities available in America, Korean parents feel as though their children will be much happier by making more money than they know what to do with. The idea of how money and prestige is the main criteria for success applies to both main stream American society and Korean immigrants. This idea, for Korean immigrants, is enforced by their parents whereas for main stream American society is influenced by the media. The media has a huge influence on the way society views the American dream. Advertising is everywhere, and at home it’s only an arm’s reach away with the remote for the television, mouse to the internet, and magazines. How did obtaining luxury items become the American dream? Why does society feel so compelled to pursue it? Advertising has a very powerful way of persuading the public; so powerful that the American public has been convinced by advertising to desire these luxury items. Advertising persuades society so significantly to the point that it can alter our perception of what is truly important in life. It Alters our minds to the point that they feel that the American dream is no longer a luxury, but a necessity. For example, society buys luxury items because they feel as though they need nice things to make them happy. Through advertising, the media influences society so effectively that we no longer view the American dream as something to achieve but something we can buy. We continually see pictures of homes, cars, families, and luxury items everywhere on T. V, magazines, and billboards. It is impossible to escape these advertisements in America and these ads make sure of that. The more society is bombarded with these advertisements, the more they are persuaded toward obtaining materialistic things which they believe will bring them happiness. Money is needed to have these luxury items, but does more money bring us more happiness? Today everyone has a goal to become more successful than they already are. We feel as though with more money so we can buy luxury items that we can use for our enjoyment, thus making us happier. Although we feel as though money will bring us happiness, research has been done to disprove this idea. Nickerson, Schwarz, Diener, and Kahneman argue that, â€Å"The present longitudinal study examining the relation between the goal for financial success, attainment of that goal, and satisfaction with various life domains found that the negative impact of the goal for financial success on overall life satisfaction diminished as household income increased† (531). The goal for success has increased and most people would agree that a little more money would make them a little happier. The fact of the matter is that, since around the 1950’s the average American’s income has more than doubled and with double the income comes twice as many cars and accessories that not everyone used to have in the 1950’s, such as, dishwashers, clothes dryers, and air conditioning (Myers). Today, according to statistics, we have a little more money then we used to but are we happy? â€Å"Since 1957, the number of Americans who say they are ‘very happy’ has declined from 35 to 32 percent. Meanwhile, the divorce rate has doubled, the teen suicide rate has nearly tripled, the violent crime rate has nearly quadrupled (even after the recent decline), and more people than ever (especially teens and young adults) are depressed† (Myers). The American dream has changed over the years and statistics show that money is not the answer to our happiness. The answer is simplicity in life and family. The American dream is completely different now than it was over 50 years ago. Now, materialistic things are constantly being shoved in our face through the media, so we feel as though we need them in order to be happy. Over 50 years ago if a family had food on the table, a roof over their heads, and a car they were happy and thought to be living the American dream. As the years passed the American dream has become less meaningful. In the poem â€Å"Richard Cory,† Edwin A. Robinson tells a story of a man who had everything he could possibly want in the world. â€Å"And he was rich-yes, richer than a kind- [†¦] and Richard Cory, on calm summer night went home and put a bullet through his head. † This is a perfect example of how riches don’t bring people true happiness. Today people are only interested in how many possessions they obtain. In reality these possessions only bring us temporary satisfaction. Once the new version of a certain gadget or car comes out we instantly want it, and we are no longer happy with what we have. It seems as though no one is happy with what they have and once they fulfill one desire they create ten more desires. The American dream today is wasteful and the meaning has been altered into false image of happiness. The American dream is no longer a family fulfilling goal in most cases. For Mexican immigrants it is an escape from poverty, but the majority of us have been lead astray from the pursuit of happiness. Whether we are a child, adult, senior, male, or female, many Americans have a false understanding of how to pursue true happiness. Happiness doesn’t come from more money or more materialistic possessions. These possessions may only give use temporary satisfaction, but when a new gadget comes out we are no longer happy because the item we obtain is out of date. Through advertising, the media will keep creating more luxury items so society will continuously feel as if they need the newest thing. This only leads to unhappiness and our self-centered nation needs a reality check to understand what is truly important in life; simplicity and family. Work Cited Ciardi, John. â€Å"What is Happiness? † Wryick and Slaughter 291-293. Kim, Eun-Young. Career Choice Among Second-Generation Korean-Americans: Reflections of a Cultural Model of Success. Anthropology Education Quarterly 24. 3 (1993): 224-248. JSTOR. CSUS Library, Sacramento. 14 Apr. 2008. Keyword: American Dream. Myers, David G. Wealth, Well-Being, and the New American Dream. New American Dream. 2000. Yale University Press. 14 Apr. 2008 . Nickerson, Carol, Norbert Schwarz, Ed Diener, and Daniel Kahneman. Zeroing in on the Dark Side of the American Dream: a Closer Look At the Negative Consequences of the Goal for Financial Success. Psychological Science 14. 6 (2003): 531-536. 13 Apr. 2008 . Paredes, Raymund A. Mexican American Authors and the American Dream. Melus 8. 4 (1981): 71-80. JSTOR. CSUS Library, Sacramento. 14 Apr. 2008. Keyword: American Dream. Robinson, Edwin A. â€Å"Richard Cory. † Wyrick and Slaughter 385-386. Schudson, Michael. American Dreams. American Literary History 12 (2004): 1-2. Project Muse. CSUS Library, Sacramento. 13 Apr. 2008. Keyword: American Dream. Wyrick, Jean, and Slaughter, Beverly J. , 3rd ed. The Rinehart Reader. Boston: Thomson Learning, 1999